Collaborative Research: Supply Functions and Clean-Development Mechanism Rules for Tropical Forest Carbon Sinks

合作研究：热带森林碳汇供给功能与清洁发展机制规则

• 批准号: 9980276
• 负责人: Susan Avery
• 金额: $ 47.3万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-15 至 2004-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9980276&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Supply; Functions; Clean

Because of concerns about global climate change, society is actively exploring the possibility of using forest ecosystems as a carbon sink. Tropical forests may offer more than two-thirds of such opportunities. The protection of tropical forests could offset global fossil fuel carbon emissions and reduce the cost of emissions limitations set in Kyoto. In addition, certified emissions credits (CERs) under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) established in Kyoto likely will incorporate tropical forest sinks within efforts to meet emissions targets. In principle, this could result in significant economic and sequestration benefits, although actual evidence on tropical carbon sinks is sparse. To advance knowledge and practice associated with this important topic, this collaborative research project has two major goals. First, the investigators will develop an integrated, spatially explicit model of that predicts how much additional carbon sequestration will occur in Costa Rica if financial rewards for sequestration are offered. This modeling effort will include both economic modeling of land use and ecological modeling of carbon storage. Both sets of models will be based on empirical observations of carbon and nitrogen stocks and flows, with systematic sampling of variations in soils, climate, and land uses. The second major goal of the research will be to contribute to the effective design of rules that allow carbon-sequestration efforts in tropical locations to replace emission-reduction efforts in more developed nations. This line of inquiry will involve the conduct of sensitivity analyses on the integrated model in order to derive simplified versions of state-of-the-art disciplinary and integrated models. This effort will facilitate the search for estimate how much carbon sequestration will be generated in Costa Rica in response to different kinds of monetary rewards for carbon sequestration. This project will increase understandings of the interplay of socioeconomic and ecological factors that influence land-use choices as well as the effects of land-use change on carbon sequestration in Costa Rica, a representative nation with significant tropical forests and readily available data sources. In addition to addressing these fundamental issues, the project will explore the potential for simplified models to identify the potential implications of different carbon-sequestration incentives on land-use decisions, thereby providing valuable new insights into critical aspects of the Kyoto accord to reduce atmospheric carbon.

由于对全球气候变化的担忧，社会正在积极探索将森林生态系统作为碳汇的可能性。 热带森林可能提供三分之二以上的这种机会。 保护热带森林可以抵消全球化石燃料的碳排放，降低京都限制排放的成本。 此外，在京都建立的清洁发展机制之下的核证的排放信用额很可能将热带森林吸收汇纳入实现排放目标的努力。 从原则上讲，这可能会产生重大的经济和固碳效益，尽管关于热带碳汇的实际证据很少。 为了推进与这一重要主题相关的知识和实践，这个合作研究项目有两个主要目标。 首先，研究人员将开发一个综合的，空间上明确的模型，预测有多少额外的碳封存将发生在哥斯达黎加，如果封存提供财政奖励。 这一建模工作将包括土地利用的经济建模和碳储存的生态建模。 这两套模型都将基于对碳和氮储量和流量的经验观察，并对土壤、气候和土地利用的变化进行系统采样。 这项研究的第二个主要目标将是促进有效的规则设计，使热带地区的碳封存工作能够取代发达国家的减排工作。 这一系列调查将涉及对综合模型进行敏感性分析，以得出最先进的学科和综合模型的简化版本。 这一努力将有助于估计哥斯达黎加在对固碳的不同形式的货币奖励下将产生多少固碳。 该项目将增进对影响土地使用选择的社会经济和生态因素的相互作用以及土地使用变化对哥斯达黎加碳固存的影响的了解，哥斯达黎加是一个有代表性的国家，拥有大量热带森林和现成的数据来源。 除了解决这些基本问题外，该项目还将探索简化模型的潜力，以确定不同的碳固存激励措施对土地使用决定的潜在影响，从而为减少大气碳的京都雅阁的关键方面提供宝贵的新见解。