Species Diversity and Abundance in Insular Systems

岛屿系统的物种多样性和丰富度

• 批准号: 9981912
• 负责人: Thomas Schoener
• 金额: $ 33万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-04-15 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9981912&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Species; Diversity; Abundance; Insular; Systems

"Species Diversity and Abundance in Insular Systems"DEB 9981912T.W. Schoener and D.A. Spiller, PIsThis research continues a study of food webs, relations that specify which species eat which in an ecological community. We simulate invasion of a large predator onto islands having a variety of small predators as well as herbivores and plants. Such predators may not only exert profound direct effects by consumption, but via intervening species, can indirectly affect other components, including plants. Such indirect effects may be positive or negative: e.g., the large predator may consume insects that eat plants (positive), or consume small predators that eat the plant-eating insects (negative). In addition to changes in numbers, changes in behavior and morphology of affected species are studied. The experiment is performed within a system of islands, many of which have been monitored for natural invasions and extinctions for nearly two decades. Planned monitoring includes extensive documentation of damage and recovery from the recent Hurricane Floyd, a devastating, Category 4 storm. Results of this project should significantly enhance our understanding of how large natural disturbances affect the dynamics of ecological systems.

海岛生态系统的物种多样性与丰度[j]。这项研究继续了对食物网的研究，在一个生态群落中，哪些物种吃哪些物种的关系。我们模拟一个大型捕食者入侵岛屿，岛上有各种各样的小型捕食者、食草动物和植物。这些捕食者不仅可以通过食用产生深远的直接影响，还可以通过干预物种间接影响包括植物在内的其他成分。这种间接影响可能是正面的，也可能是负面的：例如，大型捕食者可能会吃掉以植物为食的昆虫（正面），或者吃掉以植物为食的昆虫的小型捕食者（负面）。除了数量的变化外，还研究了受影响物种的行为和形态的变化。该实验是在一个岛屿系统内进行的，其中许多岛屿近20年来一直受到自然入侵和灭绝的监测。计划中的监测包括对最近破坏性的四级飓风“弗洛伊德”造成的破坏和恢复情况的大量记录。这个项目的结果将大大提高我们对大的自然干扰如何影响生态系统动态的理解。