Reproductive Biology in Shrimp

虾的生殖生物学

• 批准号: 9982466
• 负责人: Raymond Bauer
• 金额: $ 19.5万
• 依托单位: University of Louisiana at Lafayette
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-03-15 至 2004-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9982466&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Reproductive; Biology; Shrimp

A marine shrimp, Lysmata wurdemanni, has a unique reproductive system among decapod crustaceans (shrimps, crabs, lobsters). As in protandric shrimps, most individuals function first as a male and then change to female when they are larger and older. However, unlike other gender-changers, the capacity to produce male gametes and fertilize as a male is retained during the female -phase, i.e., the "females" are simultaneous hermaphrodites. This is a unique system in which to test hypotheses on the proximate and ultimate factors explaining sequential hermaphroditism, not only in Lysmata spp. but also in other protandric shrimps. One set of objectives is to determine why, in terms of reproductive costs and benefits, an individual makes the gender change and why male reproductive function is retained in the female phase. With this species, such costs and benefits can be measured and compared within the same individual. The other important goal of the project is to determine if gender change is environmentally controlled, i.e., mediated by the population and social structure in which an individual occurs.Research on sequential hermaphroditism in fishes has revealed much about the factors involved in its control and evolution. In decapod shrimps, there has been little testing of theory about hermaphroditism. Using Lysmata wurdemanni as a model system, the proposed research will take a crucial first step in testing questions on environmental gender determination in shrimps and on the evolution of unusual hermaphroditic systems in the genus Lysmata. The research will contribute to an explanation of how and why sequential and simultaneous hermaphroditism have evolved in some decapod crustaceans but not in many other closely-related taxa.

海虾 Lysmata wurdemanni 在十足目甲壳类动物（虾、蟹、龙虾）中拥有独特的生殖系统。 与原雄性虾一样，大多数个体首先作为雄性发挥作用，然后在体型更大、年龄更大时转变为雌性。然而，与其他性别改变者不同的是，在雌性阶段保留了产生雄性配子和受精的能力，即“雌性”同时是雌雄同体。这是一个独特的系统，可以测试关于解释顺序雌雄同体的直接因素和最终因素的假设，而不仅仅是在 Lysmata spp 中。但也存在于其他原雄性虾中。一组目标是从生殖成本和收益角度确定为什么个体会进行性别改变以及为什么男性生殖功能保留在女性阶段。对于这个物种，这样的成本和收益可以在同一个体内进行衡量和比较。该项目的另一个重要目标是确定性别变化是否是环境控制的，即由个体所在的人口和社会结构调节。对鱼类连续雌雄同体的研究揭示了许多涉及其控制和进化的因素。在十足目虾中，几乎没有对雌雄同体的理论进行测试。使用 Lysmata wurdemanni 作为模型系统，拟议的研究将迈出关键的第一步，测试虾的环境性别决定以及 Lysmata 属不寻常的雌雄同体系统的进化问题。这项研究将有助于解释顺序和同时的雌雄同体在一些十足目甲壳类动物中如何以及为何进化，但在许多其他密切相关的类群中却没有。