The Evolutionary Psychology of Social Behavior: Examining the New Science of Human Nature

社会行为的进化心理学：审视人性的新科学

• 批准号: 9985820
• 负责人: David Buller
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: Northern Illinois University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-01-15 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9985820&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolutionary; Psychology; Social; Behavior; Examining

SES 99-85820 - David J. Buller (Northern Illinois University)"The Evolutionary Psychology of Social Behavior: Examining the 'New Science of Human Nature'"This project undertakes a comprehensive, critical examination of the theoretical tenets and methodology of Evolutionary Psychology.The term "evolutionary psychology" is sometimes used to designate a field of inquiry that encompasses an extremely broad range of work, which has in common only a very general commitment to the idea that an evolutionary perspective will inform us about human cognition, emotion, and behavior. In contrast, the term "evolutionary psychology" is also frequently used to designate only work conducted within a specific set of theoretical and methodological commitments shared by a prominent and highly influential group of researchers in this field (most notably, David Buss, Leda Cosmides, Martin Daly, Steven Pinker, Donald Symons, John Tooby, and Margo Wilson). The shared theoretical commitments of this group are: (1) the human mind consists of "hundreds or thousands" of modules, which are (2) adaptations to the hunter-gatherer lifestyle of our Pleistocene ancestors; (3) these adaptations are universal in Homo sapiens, so (4) evolved human psychology consists in "a single, universal panhuman design," which constitutes "human nature"; consequently, (5) individual psychological differences are not adaptive. In addition to these tenets, this group of researchers is united in its commitment to a core set of exemplars of empirical research (for example, Buss's work on mate preferences, Cosmides's work on cheater detection, and Daly and Wilson's work on "discriminative parental solicitude"). In this narrower sense, then, "evolutionary psychology" designates research within a framework that strongly resembles a Kuhnian paradigm. The focus of this project is this paradigm, designated "Evolutionary Psychology" (in upper case, so as to distinguish it from evolutionary psychology, the field of inquiry).The purpose of this project is twofold. First, the PI will investigate theoretical and empirical problems with each of the above five tenets of Evolutionary Psychology. Second, the PI will investigate methodological problems with Evolutionary Psychology's most prominent explanatory exemplars concerning the psychology of mate choice, infidelity, jealousy, parental care, and social cooperation. These investigations will show that the field of evolutionary psychology will progress toward a more accurate evolutionary understanding of human psychology only once the Evolutionary Psychology paradigm has been replaced. The project will result in a book, which will be the first sustained and comprehensive critical examination of the Evolutionary Psychology paradigm in the literature. The intended audience of this book consists of three primary groups: (1) philosophers whose areas of interest are philosophy of science, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of biology, or philosophy of human nature; (2) behavioral scientists whose areas of research are evolutionary psychology, behavioral biology, or anthropology; and (3) students of these fields.

SES 99-85820 -大卫J.布勒（北方伊利诺伊大学）“社会行为的进化心理学：研究“人类本性的新科学”这个项目对进化心理学的理论原则和方法论进行了全面的、批判性的研究。术语“进化心理学”有时被用来指定一个研究领域，它包括非常广泛的工作，它们的共同点只是非常笼统地承诺，进化的观点将告诉我们人类的认知、情感和行为。与此相反，“进化心理学”一词也经常被用来指在特定的理论和方法论承诺范围内进行的工作，这些承诺由该领域的一个杰出的、具有高度影响力的研究人员群体（最著名的是大卫巴斯、勒达科斯米德斯、马丁戴利、史蒂文平克、唐纳德西蒙斯、约翰托比和马戈威尔逊）共享。这个群体的共同理论承诺是：（1）人类的头脑由“成百上千”的模块组成，这些模块是（2）对我们更新世祖先狩猎采集生活方式的适应;（3）这些适应在智人中是普遍的，因此（4）进化的人类心理学包括“单一的、普遍的泛人类设计”，这构成了“人类本性”;因此，（5）个体心理差异是不适应的。除了这些原则之外，这群研究人员还致力于实证研究的核心范例（例如，巴斯关于配偶偏好的工作，科斯米德斯关于作弊者检测的工作，以及戴利和威尔逊关于“歧视性父母关怀”的工作）。在这种狭义上，“进化心理学”指的是在一个与库恩范式非常相似的框架内进行的研究。这个项目的重点是这种范式，指定为“进化心理学”（大写，以区别于进化心理学，调查领域）。这个项目的目的是双重的。首先，PI将调查进化心理学上述五个原则的理论和实证问题。第二，PI将调查进化心理学最突出的解释性范例的方法论问题，涉及配偶选择，不忠，嫉妒，父母照顾和社会合作的心理学。这些研究将表明，只有当进化心理学范式被取代时，进化心理学领域才会朝着更准确地理解人类心理学的方向发展。 该项目将导致一本书，这将是第一个持续和全面的批判性审查进化心理学范式的文献。本书的目标读者主要包括三个群体：（1）哲学家，他们的兴趣领域是科学哲学、心理学哲学、生物学哲学或人性哲学;（2）行为科学家，他们的研究领域是进化心理学、行为生物学或人类学;（3）这些领域的学生。