Doctoral Disstertation Research: Regional Mobility and the Development of Segmentary Structures: A Case Study from the Prehistory of the Taos District, New Mexico

在Richard Ford博士的指导下，Severin Fowles先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。通过考古发掘和对现存博物馆材料的分析相结合，他将重建西班牙人到达前几个世纪新墨西哥州陶斯地区史前人类的社会组织和人口流动。在这段显著的社会变革时期，聚集的人口分散，然后重新排列在新的集中，以大型多层的普韦布洛村庄为标志。一些人口稀少的地区，如陶斯，出现了多村社区。福尔斯先生希望了解这些实体的起源和社会组织。人种学数据表明，许多早期历史上的西南美洲原住民被组织成分段的血统系统。社会中存在着明确界定的亚群体，个人的成员资格是由父母遗传的。世系之间的关系被明确界定，社会控制、婚姻模式、继承和仪式责任都由世系结构决定。虽然这种模式可能在史前就存在，但很难证明。它的起源也不清楚。福尔斯假设，他计划研究的这个集体社区是根据分段谱系原则构建的，它的创始人来自不同的文化群体，他们从不同的地区迁徙到一起，共同建立了这个社区，而各个谱系对应于各个创始群体。为了检验这个模型，我们将使用从几个博物馆出土的材料来重建聚集之前的人口结构，并寻找表征个体群体的材料特征。然后，他将检查一个大的遗址，波特克里克普韦布洛，以确定这些先前的人口是否聚集在一起形成了这个遗址。他将研究这些文化标记在遗址内的分布，以确定它们是混合在一起还是保持着清晰而独特的联系，如果是的话，它们是否在空间上是分开的，就像人们预测的那样，如果存在分段血统。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将深入了解在技术上简单的群体如何在不断变化的环境中适应和重新安排自己，以及他们如何组织成连贯和运作的社会。这个项目还将有助于培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Ford, Mr. Severin Fowles will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. Through a combination of archaeological excavation and the analysis of extant museum materials he will reconstruct the social organization and population movements of prehistoric peoples in the Taos District of New Mexico during the several centuries preceding Spanish arrival. During this period of marked social change aggregated populations dispersed and then rearranged themselves in new concentrations marked by large multi-story pueblo villages. Some areas such as Taos which had been sparsely inhabited saw the rise of multiple village communities. Mr. Fowles wishes to understand both the origins and social organization of these entities. Ethnographic data indicates that many early historic Southwestern Native American peoples were organized into segmentary lineage systems. Clearly defined subgroups existed within the society and individual membership was parentally inherited. Relationships between lineages were clearly defined and social control, marriage patterns, inheritance and ritual responsibility all were determined by lineage structure. While likely this pattern existed prehistorically, this is difficult to prove. It is also unclear how it originated. Mr. Fowles hypothesizes that the aggregated community he plans to examine was structured according to segmentary lineage principles, that its founders derived from distinct cultural groups who migrated from different areas and came together to found it, and that the individual lineages correspond to individual founding groups. To examine this model, will use excavated material from several museums to reconstruct population structure prior to aggregation and search for material signatures which characterize individual groups. He will then examine one large site, Pot Creek Pueblo to determine whether these antecedent populations came together to form the site. He will study the distribution of these cultural markers within the site to find out whether they blend or maintain clear and distinct associations and, if so, whether the are spatially segregated within the as one would predict if segmentary lineages were present.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will provide insight into how groups at a technologically simple level adapt and rearrange themselves across a changing landscape and how they are organized into coherent and functioning societies. This project will also assist in training a promising young scientist.