Doctoral Disstertation Research: Regional Mobility and the Development of Segmentary Structures: A Case Study from the Prehistory of the Taos District, New Mexico

博士论文研究：区域流动性与分段结构的发展：新墨西哥州陶斯区史前史案例研究

• 批准号: 0076083
• 负责人: Richard Ford
• 金额: $ 1.03万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-05-01 至 2001-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0076083&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Disstertation; Research; Regional; Mobility

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Ford, Mr. Severin Fowles will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. Through a combination of archaeological excavation and the analysis of extant museum materials he will reconstruct the social organization and population movements of prehistoric peoples in the Taos District of New Mexico during the several centuries preceding Spanish arrival. During this period of marked social change aggregated populations dispersed and then rearranged themselves in new concentrations marked by large multi-story pueblo villages. Some areas such as Taos which had been sparsely inhabited saw the rise of multiple village communities. Mr. Fowles wishes to understand both the origins and social organization of these entities. Ethnographic data indicates that many early historic Southwestern Native American peoples were organized into segmentary lineage systems. Clearly defined subgroups existed within the society and individual membership was parentally inherited. Relationships between lineages were clearly defined and social control, marriage patterns, inheritance and ritual responsibility all were determined by lineage structure. While likely this pattern existed prehistorically, this is difficult to prove. It is also unclear how it originated. Mr. Fowles hypothesizes that the aggregated community he plans to examine was structured according to segmentary lineage principles, that its founders derived from distinct cultural groups who migrated from different areas and came together to found it, and that the individual lineages correspond to individual founding groups. To examine this model, will use excavated material from several museums to reconstruct population structure prior to aggregation and search for material signatures which characterize individual groups. He will then examine one large site, Pot Creek Pueblo to determine whether these antecedent populations came together to form the site. He will study the distribution of these cultural markers within the site to find out whether they blend or maintain clear and distinct associations and, if so, whether the are spatially segregated within the as one would predict if segmentary lineages were present.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will provide insight into how groups at a technologically simple level adapt and rearrange themselves across a changing landscape and how they are organized into coherent and functioning societies. This project will also assist in training a promising young scientist.

在理查德福特博士的指导下，塞韦林福尔斯先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。通过考古发掘和现存博物馆材料的分析相结合，他将重建在西班牙人到来之前的几个世纪里，新墨西哥州陶斯区史前民族的社会组织和人口流动。在这一显著的社会变革时期，聚集的人口分散，然后重新安排在新的集中点，以大型多层普韦布洛村庄为标志。一些地区，如陶斯，人烟稀少，出现了多个村庄社区。福尔斯先生希望了解这些实体的起源和社会组织。人种学资料表明，许多早期历史上的美国西南部原住民民族被组织成segmented血统系统。社会中存在着明确定义的亚群体，个人成员资格是父母继承的。世系之间的关系有明确的定义，社会控制、婚姻模式、继承和仪式责任都由世系结构决定。虽然这种模式可能存在于史前，但很难证明。也不清楚它是如何起源的。Fowles先生假设，他计划研究的聚合社区是根据分段血统原则构建的，其创始人来自不同的文化群体，他们从不同的地区迁移过来，走到一起建立了它，并且各个血统对应于各个创始群体。为了研究这个模型，将使用挖掘材料从几个博物馆重建人口结构之前，聚合和搜索的材料签名，表征个别群体。然后，他将检查一个大的网站，锅溪普韦布洛，以确定这些先行人口走到一起，形成网站。他将研究这些文化标记在遗址内的分布，以找出它们是否混合或保持清晰和独特的关联，如果是这样，它们是否在空间上被隔离，就像人们预测的那样，如果存在分段谱系。它将为许多考古学家提供感兴趣的数据。它将深入了解技术简单水平上的群体如何在不断变化的环境中适应和重新安排自己，以及他们如何组织成连贯且正常运转的社会。该项目还将协助培养一名有前途的青年科学家。