Doctoral Disstertation Research: Regional Mobility and the Development of Segmentary Structures: A Case Study from the Prehistory of the Taos District, New Mexico

在理查德·福特博士的指导下，Severin Fowles先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。通过考古发掘和对现存博物馆材料的分析，他将重建西班牙人到来之前几个世纪新墨西哥州陶斯区史前民族的社会组织和人口流动。在这一显着的社会变革时期，聚集的人口分散，然后以大型多层普韦布洛村庄为标志，以新的集中度重新安排自己。一些地区，如人烟稀少的陶斯，出现了多个村庄社区的崛起。福尔斯先生希望了解这些实体的起源和社会组织。人种学数据表明，许多早期历史上的西南美洲原住民被组织成分段的谱系系统。社会内部存在着明确界定的子群体，个人成员资格是由父母继承的。宗族之间的关系被明确界定，社会控制、婚姻模式、继承和礼仪责任都由宗族结构决定。虽然这种模式很可能在史前就存在，但这一点很难证明。目前也不清楚它是如何产生的。福尔斯假设，他计划考察的聚合型社区是根据不同的宗族原则构建的，其创始人来自不同地区的不同文化群体，他们从不同的地区迁徙过来，然后聚集在一起创建了这个社区，个人的血统与个人的创始群体相对应。为了检验这一模型，将使用从几个博物馆挖掘的材料来重建聚集之前的种群结构，并搜索表征单个群体的材料签名。然后，他将研究一个名为Pot Creek Pueblo的大型遗址，以确定这些先民是否聚集在一起形成了这个遗址。他将研究这些文化标志在遗址内的分布，以找出它们是否融合或保持清晰而独特的联系，如果是的话，是否像人们预测的那样，在空间上隔离在该遗址内。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将提供许多考古学家感兴趣的数据。它将深入了解技术简单的群体如何在不断变化的环境中适应和重新安排自己，以及如何将它们组织成连贯和正常运作的社会。该项目还将帮助培养一位有前途的年轻科学家。

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Ford, Mr. Severin Fowles will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. Through a combination of archaeological excavation and the analysis of extant museum materials he will reconstruct the social organization and population movements of prehistoric peoples in the Taos District of New Mexico during the several centuries preceding Spanish arrival. During this period of marked social change aggregated populations dispersed and then rearranged themselves in new concentrations marked by large multi-story pueblo villages. Some areas such as Taos which had been sparsely inhabited saw the rise of multiple village communities. Mr. Fowles wishes to understand both the origins and social organization of these entities. Ethnographic data indicates that many early historic Southwestern Native American peoples were organized into segmentary lineage systems. Clearly defined subgroups existed within the society and individual membership was parentally inherited. Relationships between lineages were clearly defined and social control, marriage patterns, inheritance and ritual responsibility all were determined by lineage structure. While likely this pattern existed prehistorically, this is difficult to prove. It is also unclear how it originated. Mr. Fowles hypothesizes that the aggregated community he plans to examine was structured according to segmentary lineage principles, that its founders derived from distinct cultural groups who migrated from different areas and came together to found it, and that the individual lineages correspond to individual founding groups. To examine this model, will use excavated material from several museums to reconstruct population structure prior to aggregation and search for material signatures which characterize individual groups. He will then examine one large site, Pot Creek Pueblo to determine whether these antecedent populations came together to form the site. He will study the distribution of these cultural markers within the site to find out whether they blend or maintain clear and distinct associations and, if so, whether the are spatially segregated within the as one would predict if segmentary lineages were present.This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will provide insight into how groups at a technologically simple level adapt and rearrange themselves across a changing landscape and how they are organized into coherent and functioning societies. This project will also assist in training a promising young scientist.