Gene Discovery in Aid of Plant Nutrition, Human Health and Environmental Remediation

基因发现有助于植物营养、人类健康和环境修复

• 批准号: 0077378
• 负责人: Mary Lou Guerinot
• 金额: $ 441.46万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0077378&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Gene; Discovery; Aid; Plant; Nutrition

Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients in plants is essential for plant growth and human nutrition. In spite of recent advances in identifying genes involved in nutrient transport, the systems that control acquisition of individual nutrients remain largely unknown. The major objective of the project is to identify gene networks that control uptake and accumulation of a wide array of plant nutrients and toxic metals. The approach makes use of recent technical advances in inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) which now permit the measurement of up to 72 different elements in 35 seconds per plant sample. Identifying genes controlling solute uptake and accumulation has significance for agriculture, human health and the environment. For example, enhancing the ability of a crop plant to mobilize soil nutrients should reduce the use of fertilizers, thereby making agriculture more cost efficient and less polluting. Because plants are the primary source of food for humans, either directly or through animal feed, the nutritional value of plants is of central importance to human health. The most widespread nutritional problem in the world is iron deficiency. Increasing the ability of plants to provide higher levels of minerals, such as iron, will have a dramatic impact on human health. Furthermore, understanding the pathways by which toxic metals accumulate in plants will enable the engineering of plants to exclude toxic metals and create healthier food sources, or to extract toxic metals from the soil as a strategy to clean up polluted lands and water. The main aims of the project are to:1) Use bioinformatics to identify genes that potentially encode transporters. 2) Use mRNA expression profiling to identify genes that change expression in response to nutrient deprivation or overfeeding. 3) Use nutrient profiling to screen for mutant plants with abnormal element compositions. ICP-AES will be used in a high-throughput strategy to determine the relative element composition of approximately 50,000 "tagged" mutagenized plants (Arabidopsis and either rice or maize if tagged lines are readily available in year 2). 4) Use yeast to obtain functional predictions of plant orthologs. The primary approach will be to conduct ICP-AES nutrient profiling of approximately 5,000 knockout lines of yeast.5) Establish a Web site to provide access to data sets and enhanced annotation of genes.6) Initiate collaborative research focused on selected mutations that control accumulation of Fe, Zn, K, Na, Ca, Se and Cd to further demonstrate the power of this novel approach.7) Establish a program to train undergraduate and graduate students in genomics, informatics and plant molecular biological techniques. 8) Work with the Montshire Museum of Science to develop science curricula on metals in the environment.This project will functionally identify many important genes, including those that are involved in: 1) mobilizing nutrients in the rhizosphere, 2) cellular uptake and efflux systems, 3) subcellular compartmentalization of solutes, 4) the operation of phloem and xylem translocation systems, 5) central regulation mechanisms, 6) sensing nutrient levels, and 7) controlling root structure. This functional genomic investigation will provide the first integrated picture of the genes involved in a fundamental feature of all living systems - the selective accumulation of essential minerals.Participants:Mary Lou Guerinot, PI, Dartmouth CollegeDavid Eide, Co-PI, University of MissouriMichael Gribskov, Co-PI, University of California at San DiegoJeffrey F. Harper, Co-PI, The Scripps Research InstituteDavid E. Salt, Co-PI, Northern Arizona UniversityJulian I. Schroeder, Co-PI, University of California at San Diego

植物中矿物营养物质的吸收和易位对于植物生长和人类营养至关重要。 尽管最近在识别养分转运涉及的基因方面取得了进步，但控制各个营养素的习得的系统仍然在很大程度上未知。 该项目的主要目的是确定控制多种植物营养物质和有毒金属的摄取和积累的基因网络。 该方法利用了最近的技术进步在电感耦合的等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）中，该血浆现在允许在每个植物样品35秒内测量多达72个不同元素。 确定控制溶质摄取和积累的基因对农业，人类健康和环境具有重要意义。 例如，提高农作物动员土壤养分的能力应减少肥料的使用，从而使农业更具成本效益，污染更少。 由于植物是人类的主要食物来源，无论是直接还是通过动物饲料，因此植物的营养价值对人类健康至关重要。 世界上最普遍的营养问题是铁缺乏症。 提高植物提供更高水平的矿物质（例如铁）的能力将对人类健康产生巨大影响。 此外，了解有毒金属在植物中积累的途径将使植物的工程排除有毒金属并创造更健康的食物来源，或从土壤中提取有毒金属作为清理污染土地和水的策略。 该项目的主要目的是：1）使用生物信息学识别潜在编码转运蛋白的基因。 2）使用mRNA表达分析来识别响应营养剥夺或过度喂养而改变表达的基因。 3）使用营养分析来筛选具有异常元素组成的突变植物。 ICP-AES将用于高通量策略中，以确定大约50,000个“标记”诱变植物的相对元素组成（如果在第二年很容易获得标记线）。 4）使用酵母获得植物直系同源物的功能预测。 主要方法是进行ICP-AES营养分析大约5,000个酵母的敲除线。5）建立一个网站，以提供对数据集的访问并增强基因注释的访问。6）开始，启动协作研究的重点是控制Fe，Zn，k，na，ca，se和CD的FE积累的突变，以进一步培训了该计划。信息学和植物分子生物学技术。 8）与蒙特郡科学博物馆合作开发有关环境中金属的科学课程。本项目将在功能上确定许多重要的基因，包括参与其中的基因：1）动员根际中的养分，2）细胞吸收和外排系统，3）3）亚细胞的层次机制，4）solations of Solutes of Soly of Soly of Soly of Soly of Soly of Soly of Soly of Soly of Soly of Systruty of Systriping of Systriping of Systriping of Systriping systriping of Systriping of Systriping of Systriping of Systriping of Systrist of Phloem和Xylym systmistion 6）营养水平和7）控制根结构。 This functional genomic investigation will provide the first integrated picture of the genes involved in a fundamental feature of all living systems - the selective accumulation of essential minerals.Participants:Mary Lou Guerinot, PI, Dartmouth CollegeDavid Eide, Co-PI, University of MissouriMichael Gribskov, Co-PI, University of California at San DiegoJeffrey F. Harper, Co-PI, The Scripps Research加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的北亚利桑那大学Julian I. Schroeder Co-Pi，Co-Pi的InstitudedAvid E. Salt