Collaborative Research: The Impact of Migration on Women in Dual-Earner Families: A Longitudinal and Geographic Assessment of Family Migration Theory

合作研究：移民对双职工家庭妇女的影响：家庭移民理论的纵向和地理评估

• 批准号: 0078880
• 负责人: Suzanne Withers
• 金额: $ 8.82万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-08-01 至 2002-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0078880&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Impact; Migration; Women

The number of wives in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades and household migration behavior is increasingly dependent on a complex process of joint decision making. This research examines, in a longitudinal context, the geographic and economic impacts of migration on dual-earner families, with specific focus on the labor-force experience of married women. Research on the impact of women's participation in the labor force has indicated that two-earner households are less likely to move than single-earner households due to their dual labor-force attachment. Traditional family migration research has argued that migration is associated frequently with the loss of earnings, interrupted careers, unemployment, underemployment or leaving the labor force on the part of the wife. In contrast, more recent work has raised questions about the disadvantaged effects and suggests that employment of married women increases with migration. Using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data this study considers the full range of potential labor force impacts on married women within the larger context of parallel careers in the life course of women and families. The study controls for the bias of migration self-selectivity. It explicitly considers the spatial variation in dual-earner family migration and the effects of migration on women in these families. Furthermore, this research uses longitudinal models to differentiate between the short-term and the long-term impacts of migration on married women. It addresses participation (employment, unemployment, underemployment, interrupted careers) and financial aspects of the impact of migration on married women. A better understanding of the joint employment and location decisions of husbands and wives has the potential to improve the efficiency of the labor market. Women are the most dynamic supply sector of the labor market, and married women are an important component of spatial changes in the labor force, by virtue of their increased participation and their impact on family migration in general. Industry and organizations invest about 15 billion dollars annually in job relocations. Many of the transferees are married and dual earners, and relocating two earners is much more difficult than relocating a single earner. Spouses, relatives, and children are no longer considered mere appendages of the employee. Corporations are recognizing the need for greater incentives and support for the spousal job search process. Further, it is estimated that between ten and fifteen percent of all relocations are for the married woman's job, and there is reason to believe that this figure will continue to rise in the future. Given contemporary social changes it is an appropriate time to reassess family migration theory. New findings will enrich our knowledge of the temporal and spatial variations in the impact of family migration on women in dual-earner households.

在过去的30年里，劳动力中的妻子数量翻了一番，家庭迁移行为越来越依赖于一个复杂的共同决策过程。这项研究在纵向背景下考察了移民对双职工家庭的地理和经济影响，特别关注已婚妇女的劳动力经历。关于妇女参与劳动力的影响的研究表明，由于双收入家庭的双重劳动力依恋，双收入家庭比单收入家庭更不可能搬家。传统的家庭移民研究认为，移民往往与妻子失去收入、中断职业生涯、失业、就业不足或离开劳动力大军有关。相比之下，最近的研究提出了关于不利影响的问题，并表明已婚妇女的就业随着移民的增加而增加。这项研究使用收入动态小组研究(PSID)的数据，在女性和家庭的生活过程中平行职业的更大背景下，考虑了潜在劳动力对已婚女性的全方位影响。本研究控制了迁移自我选择性的偏向。它明确考虑了双收入家庭移徙的空间差异以及移徙对这些家庭中妇女的影响。此外，本研究使用纵向模型来区分移民对已婚女性的短期和长期影响。它涉及移徙对已婚妇女的影响的参与(就业、失业、就业不足、中断的职业)和财务方面。更好地了解夫妻共同就业和选址决策，有可能提高劳动力市场的效率。妇女是劳动力市场最具活力的供应部门，已婚妇女是劳动力空间变化的重要组成部分，因为她们的参与率增加，对家庭移徙总体上产生了影响。行业和组织每年在工作重新安置方面投资约150亿美元。许多受让者都是已婚和双收入者，重新安置双收入者比重新安置单收入者要困难得多。配偶、亲属和子女不再被视为员工的单纯附属品。企业正在认识到需要为配偶求职过程提供更大的激励和支持。此外，据估计，所有搬迁中有10%至15%是为了已婚妇女的工作，而且有理由相信这一数字在未来将继续上升。鉴于当代社会的变化，现在是重新评估家庭迁徙理论的合适时机。新的发现将丰富我们关于家庭移徙对双职工家庭中妇女的影响的时间和空间变化的知识。