Ecological Bases of Social Behavior in Capuchins: A Three-Way Comparative Study

卷尾猴社会行为的生态基础：三向比较研究

• 批准号: 0078967
• 负责人: Sue Boinski
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-07-01 至 2003-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0078967&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ecological; Bases; Social; Behavior; Capuchins

The evolution of the diverse array of primate social organizations is a fundamental issue in physical anthropology. Why are males dominant to females among many primate species, yet in a smaller proportion of species females typically dominate males? Why are some primate species highly aggressive, while others are best described as diffident and retiring? Why among most, but certainly not all, primate species do males typically emigrate to other troops in early adulthood, but all females pass their entire life in the same troop in which they were born? The answers to these questions are crucial to explaining the dramatic variation in social behavior exhibited by the more than 200 extant species of prosimians, monkeys, and apes. Furthermore, these questions are central to the eventual understanding of the evolution of social behavior among our hominid ancestors.Controversy exists regarding the underlying variables most important in explaining the variation social organization in primates. Ecological models of social evolution see competition for food as the key factor determining female grouping patterns, and thus the distribution and dispersal options of males. An alternate model attributes variation in social organization and female relationships to male competition with other males for control of mating with group females. What is clear at this point is that the most powerful tests of these models will need to be closely related species that vary in their social organization. Capuchin monkeys (genus Cebus) are noted for behavioral flexibility and variability and are a prime candidate for a successful study system. Major differences in mating system are reported among the four species. Brown (C. apella), and, wedge-capped capuchins (C. olivaceus)are essentially polygynous. On the other hand, females among the white-faced, C. capucinus, and white-fronted capuchins, C. albifrons, typically mate with multiple males during the period of conception. However, preliminary observations of brown capuchins at Raleighvallen Nature Preserve, Suriname suggest a multi-male mating system similar to that of the white-faced and white fronted capuchins. Researchers will perform a three-year field study of behavior, ecology and genetic relationships among the brown capuchins at Raleighvallen, Suriname. In conjunction with long-term field data for brown capuchins at other sites (Manu, Peru and Iguazu, Argentina) and for white-faced capuchins (Santa Rosa and Lomas Barbudol in Costa Rica), this will provide a powerful and important test of current models of primate social evolution. Researchers predict that the mating system and patterns of social interaction among brown capuchins at Raleighvallen will resemble Costa Rican white-faced capuchins rather than Peruvian or Argentinean brown capuchins. This would provide strong support for an ecological basis to capuchin social organization. A major goal of this study will be to determine the relative contributions of food distribution and mate competition in shaping capuchin social organization. Nevertheless, the implications of its findings have the potential to force dramatic reinterpretations of the past 30 years of investigations of primate social behavior.

灵长类社会组织的多样性的进化是体质人类学的一个基本问题。为什么在许多灵长类物种中，雄性对雌性占主导地位，而在一小部分物种中，雌性通常支配雄性？为什么有些灵长类动物具有高度的攻击性，而另一些则被描述为羞怯和退缩？为什么在大多数灵长类物种中，雄性通常在成年早期迁移到其他群体，而所有雌性却在出生的同一个群体中度过一生？ 这些问题的答案对于解释200多个现存的原猴亚目、猴子和猿类物种所表现出的社会行为的巨大差异至关重要。此外，这些问题对于最终理解人类祖先的社会行为进化至关重要，对于解释灵长类动物社会组织变异最重要的潜在变量存在争议。社会进化的生态模型认为，食物竞争是决定雌性群体模式的关键因素，因此也决定了雄性的分布和扩散选择。另一种模式属性的变化，在社会组织和女性的关系，男性竞争与其他男性控制交配组女性。在这一点上很清楚的是，这些模型的最强大的测试将需要密切相关的物种，其社会组织不同。卷尾猴（Cebus属）以行为灵活性和可变性而闻名，是成功研究系统的主要候选者。四个物种的交配系统的主要差异。 布朗（C. apella）和楔帽卷尾猴（C. olivaceus）基本上是一夫多妻制的。另一方面，雌性的白脸，C。capucinus和白额卷尾猴C.白额龙通常在受孕期间与多个雄性交配。然而，在苏里南Raleighvallen自然保护区的棕色卷尾猴的初步观察表明，多雄性交配系统类似于白脸和白色额卷尾猴。研究人员将在苏里南的罗利瓦伦对棕色卷尾猴的行为、生态和遗传关系进行为期三年的实地研究。 结合其他地点（秘鲁马努和阿根廷伊瓜苏）棕色卷尾猴和白脸卷尾猴（圣罗莎和哥斯达黎加的洛马斯巴布多尔）的长期实地数据，这将为灵长类动物社会进化的当前模型提供一个强大而重要的测试。 研究人员预测，Raleighvallen的棕色卷尾猴的交配系统和社会互动模式将类似于哥斯达黎加的白脸卷尾猴，而不是秘鲁或阿根廷的棕色卷尾猴。这将为卷尾猴社会组织的生态基础提供强有力的支持。本研究的一个主要目标是确定食物分配和配偶竞争在形成卷尾猴社会组织中的相对贡献。尽管如此，其研究结果的影响有可能迫使人们对过去30年来对灵长类动物社会行为的研究进行戏剧性的重新解释。