Research Equipment Proposal: Acquisition of a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer with a Microscope Attachment.

摘要CTS-0079677 A。CouzisCUNY @ City College这是一个工程设备提案，用于购买尼科莱Nexus-670傅里叶变换红外光谱仪。 该仪器是一种先进的FTIR设备，具有允许在IR和红外源的近、中和远区域操作的功能，以及红外显微镜（尼科莱连续红外显微镜），其将允许最小x-y分辨率小于0.1 μ m的表面测绘实验。 该仪器的总成本约为115，000美元，其中城市学院同意承担三分之一的成本，因此，要求国家科学基金会提供的金额约为76，500美元。库齐斯角Maldarelli，D. Rumschitski和L.吉尔克里斯特）所有的化学工程系在城市学院的一系列五个项目，其中一些是合作。 这些项目是：水的重组和表面活性剂在疏水性固-水界面的单分子层相行为（Couzis）。“超级铺展”三硅氧烷表面活性剂系统允许水在疏水表面上铺展。 这些系统如何工作尚不清楚。 我们已经假设了一种机制，其中硅氧烷取代水，因为它吸附到疏水/水界面上，形成一个致密的疏水结构域相邻的固体，这降低了固体/水的张力和设施蔓延。 红外全内反射将被用来跟踪重组和链的连贯性，以努力建立这种机制，这一信息将被用来设计具有超铺展能力的混合烃表面活性剂体系。空气-水界面的表面活性剂状态方程（Maldarelli）的直接测量。状态方程描述了表面张力对表面浓度的依赖性。 对于可溶性表面活性剂，由于表面浓度未知，因此未直接测量该方程。 红外反射吸收光谱法将被用来通过测量红外吸收率和使用不溶性表面活性剂校准来直接获得表面浓度。用于控制结晶的纳米工程模板（Maldarelli和Couzis）在固体支持物上的功能化自组装单分子层被设计成作为一种多晶型物相对于另一种多晶型物选择性结晶的模板。 模板化是外延的一种形式，其中官能化模板表面模拟所需晶体多晶型物的面。 红外线的全内反射将被用来跟踪结晶过程中模板的结构变化，为如何优化外延提供洞察。仿生表面的表征（Gilchrist）仿生表面将由细胞成分如多肽、结构蛋白和磷脂构建。 红外内反射光谱将被用于这些组件上的红外标签，以研究组装表面的结构。蛋白质折叠的动力学（Rumschitski）蛋白质折叠的过程涉及一系列从无规卷曲到天然构型转变的动力学路径。 折叠时间通常在远低于一毫秒的时间内完成。 折叠过程的结构研究提供了对蛋白质序列与其天然构象之间关系的深入了解，但由于X射线晶体学和溶液状态NMR等技术的扫描时间长，目前难以获得。 我们提出了一种新的技术，其中的蛋白质折叠开始在一个小型的混合流动池在稳态下，不同的年龄或蛋白质中间状态。 红外光谱，连同动力学模型，用于识别这些状态。

ABSTRACTCTS-0079677A. CouzisCUNY @ City CollegeThis is an engineering equipment proposal for the acquisition of a Nicolet Nexus-670 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. The instrument is an advanced FTIR device with features that allow operation in the near, mid and far regions of the IR and infrared sources, and an infrared microscope (Nicolet Continum infrared microscope) which will allow surface mapping experiments with minimum x-y resolution of less that .1 um. the total cost for this instrument is approximately $115,000 of which City College has agreed to a one third cost share, thus the requested amount from NSF is approximately $76,500.The Instrument will be used by four faculty (A. Couzis, C. Maldarelli, D. Rumschitski and L. Gilchrist) all of the Department of Chemical Engineering at City College in a series of five projects, some of which are collaborative. These projects are:Water restructuring and monolayer phase behavior of surfactants at the hydrophobic solid - aqueous interface (Couzis). "Superspreading" trisiloxane surfactant systems allow water to spread on hydrophobic surfaces. How these systems work is unknown. We have posited a mechanism in which the siloxane displaces water as it adsorbs onto the hydrophobic/water interface to form a dense hydrophobic domain adjacent to the solid, which lowers the solid/water tension and facilities spreading. Total internal reflection in the infrared will be used to follow restructuring and chain coherence in an effort to establish this mechanism, and this information will be used to design mixed hydrocarbon surfactant systems with superspreading ability.The direct measurement of the surfactant equation of state of the air-aqueous interface (Maldarelli).The equation of state describes the dependence of the surface tension on the surface concentration. For soluble surfactants this equation has not been measured directly since surface concentrations are unknown. Infrared reflection adsorption spectrometry will be sued to obtain directly the surface concentration by measuring the infrared adsorbance and suing a calibration with an insoluble surfactant.Nano-engineered templates for a controlled crystallization (Maldarelli and Couzis)Functionalized self-assembled monolayers on a solid support are being designed to serve as template foe selective crystallization of one polymorph over another. The templating is a form of epitaxy in which the functionalized template surface mimics a face of the desired crystal polymorph. Total internal reflection in the infrared will be used to follow structural changes in the template as crystallization proceeds providing insight into how to optimize the epitaxy.Characterization of biomimetic surfaces (Gilchrist)Biomimetic surfaces will be constructed form cellular components such as polypeptides, structural proteins and phospholipids. Internal reflection spectroscopy in the infrared will be used on IR tags on these components to study the structure of the assembling surface.The dynamic of protein folding (Rumschitski)The process of protein folding involves a series of kinetic paths in a transition from a random coil to a native configuration. Folding times are usually complete in times well below a millisecond. Structural studies of the folding process provide insight into the relationship between the protein's sequence and its native conformation, but are currently difficult to obtain because of the long scan times of techniques such as x-ray crystallography and solution state NMR. We propose a new technique in which the protein folding is initiated in a miniature well-mixed flow cell at steady state, with different ages or protein intermediates states present. IR spectroscopy, together with a kinetic model, is used to identify these states.