The Regional Differences in Firm Entry in the Service Sector: Using the 1989-97 Longitudinal Establishment and Enterprise Micro-data File

本项目研究和分析了美国服务生产企业最近快速增长和演变的地区差异，重点是企业进入在解释这些地区差异中的作用。 以前大多数基础广泛的区域分析依赖于县商业模式（CBP）的数据，这是有限的，在几个方面。 首先，它们只提供每年的总体水平，无法跟踪一系列企业随时间的变化;其次，它们缺乏关于公司（或企业）的信息;第三，许多数据被压制在小的或稀疏的地区，用于详细的行业。 经济研究中心的纵向机构和企业微观数据档案通过与CBP的年度微观数据相联系，涵盖了1989-1997年期间所有有雇员的机构。 服务业将根据其服务的市场分为五个或六个分部门。 使用1990年劳动力市场区域（LMA）的定义将美国划分为地方经济单位，这些经济单位足够大，可以在大多数子部门中每年有业务进入，我们将为服务子部门准备区域LMA水平的数据（包括年度就业数据，公司进入和退出）这些数据将被汇总到广泛的区域和国家层面，以研究服务业就业在分部门之间的分布情况。公司类型也发生了变化。 计算年度总公司进入率，以衡量每个分部门和区域的创业活动水平。 “经验丰富”的进入率将计算为更有限的一组新公司，已持续经营至少三年。 将制定和测试一个模型，该模型考虑毛额和经验丰富的公司进入率的地方差异。 解释变量和比率的其他区域数据将从公开的县级数据库中构建。 我们希望解释创业率的区域差异是（1）潜在创业者的规模和质量，同时控制（2）行业的资本需求，增长和动荡率，以及（3）人口增长率和该地区的整体业务增长率。 该项目扩展了研究人员以前使用LEEM对企业人口统计学的研究，也将有助于引入这一重要的新数据库，用于分析劳动力市场，经济发展，企业人口统计学和聚集的区域方面。

This project examines and analyzes regional differences in the recent rapid growth and evolution of service-producing businesses in the U.S. It will focus on the role of business entry in accounting for these regional differences. Most previous broad-based regional analysis has relied on County Business Patterns (CBP) data, which are limited in several ways. First, they provide only aggregate levels each year, and cannot track changes in a set of establishments over time; secondly, they lack information on firms (or enterprises); and thirdly, much of the data is suppressed for small or sparse areas for detailed industries. The Longitudinal Establishment and Enterprise Microdata (LEEM) file housed at the Center for Economic Studies (CES) covers all establishments with employees for the years 1989-1997, by linking the annual microdata underlying CBP. The service sector will be partitioned into five or six subsectors according to the markets they serve. Using the 1990 Labor Market Area (LMA) definitions to partition the U.S. into local economic units that are large enough to have business entry annually in most of the subsectors, we will prepare regional LMA level data for the services subsectors (including annual data on employment, firm entry and exit) from the LEEM.These data will be aggregated to broad regional and national levels to examine how the distribution of service employment among subsectors and among firm types has changed. Annual gross firm entry rates are calculated to measure levels of entrepreneurial activity in each subsector and region. 'Seasoned' entry rates will be calculated for the more limited set of new firms that have continued in business for at least three years. A model accounting for local differences in both gross and seasoned firm entry rates will be formulated and tested. Other regional data for explanatory variables and ratios will be constructed from publicly available county level databases. We expect to explain regional diversity in startup rates as a function of (1) the size and quality of the pool of potential entrepreneurs, while controlling for (2) the capital requirements, growth, and turbulence rates of the industry, and (3) the population growth rate, and the overall business growth rate of the region. This project's expansion of the investigators' previous research on business demographics using the LEEM would also serve to introduce this major new database for analysis of regional aspects of labor markets, economic development, business demography, and agglomeration.