The Regional Differences in Firm Entry in the Service Sector: Using the 1989-97 Longitudinal Establishment and Enterprise Micro-data File

这个项目考察和分析了美国最近服务生产企业快速增长和发展的地区差异。它将重点放在企业进入在解释这些地区差异方面所起的作用。之前大多数基础广泛的区域分析都依赖于县商业模式(CBP)数据，这些数据在几个方面都有局限性。首先，它们每年只提供总体水平，不能跟踪一组机构随时间的变化；第二，它们缺乏关于公司(或企业)的信息；第三，对于小范围或稀疏的详细行业领域，许多数据被隐藏。设在经济研究中心(CES)的纵向编制和企业微观数据(LEEM)档案，通过将作为CBP基础的年度微观数据联系起来，涵盖1989-1997年所有有雇员的机构。服务业将根据所服务的市场分为五到六个子部门。使用1990年劳动力市场区域(LMA)的定义，将美国划分为地方经济单位，这些经济单位足够大，足以让大多数子部门每年都有业务进入，我们将准备LEEM中服务业子部门的区域LMA水平数据(包括就业、公司进入和退出的年度数据)。这些数据将被汇总到广泛的区域和国家层面，以检查服务业就业在子部门和公司类型之间的分布发生了怎样的变化。计算年度公司总入门率是为了衡量每个分部门和区域的创业活动水平。对于开业至少三年的数量较少的新公司，“季节性”进入率将被计算在内。将制定并测试一个模型，该模型考虑了毛利率和经验丰富的公司入门率的地方差异。解释变量和比率的其他区域数据将从可公开获得的县级数据库中建立。我们希望将创业率的地区差异解释为(1)潜在创业者群体的规模和质量的函数，同时控制(2)资本需求、行业增长和动荡速度，以及(3)人口增长率和该地区的整体商业增长率。该项目扩展了研究人员以前使用LEEM对商业人口统计的研究，还将有助于引入这个重要的新数据库，用于分析劳动力市场、经济发展、商业人口统计和集聚的区域方面。

This project examines and analyzes regional differences in the recent rapid growth and evolution of service-producing businesses in the U.S. It will focus on the role of business entry in accounting for these regional differences. Most previous broad-based regional analysis has relied on County Business Patterns (CBP) data, which are limited in several ways. First, they provide only aggregate levels each year, and cannot track changes in a set of establishments over time; secondly, they lack information on firms (or enterprises); and thirdly, much of the data is suppressed for small or sparse areas for detailed industries. The Longitudinal Establishment and Enterprise Microdata (LEEM) file housed at the Center for Economic Studies (CES) covers all establishments with employees for the years 1989-1997, by linking the annual microdata underlying CBP. The service sector will be partitioned into five or six subsectors according to the markets they serve. Using the 1990 Labor Market Area (LMA) definitions to partition the U.S. into local economic units that are large enough to have business entry annually in most of the subsectors, we will prepare regional LMA level data for the services subsectors (including annual data on employment, firm entry and exit) from the LEEM.These data will be aggregated to broad regional and national levels to examine how the distribution of service employment among subsectors and among firm types has changed. Annual gross firm entry rates are calculated to measure levels of entrepreneurial activity in each subsector and region. 'Seasoned' entry rates will be calculated for the more limited set of new firms that have continued in business for at least three years. A model accounting for local differences in both gross and seasoned firm entry rates will be formulated and tested. Other regional data for explanatory variables and ratios will be constructed from publicly available county level databases. We expect to explain regional diversity in startup rates as a function of (1) the size and quality of the pool of potential entrepreneurs, while controlling for (2) the capital requirements, growth, and turbulence rates of the industry, and (3) the population growth rate, and the overall business growth rate of the region. This project's expansion of the investigators' previous research on business demographics using the LEEM would also serve to introduce this major new database for analysis of regional aspects of labor markets, economic development, business demography, and agglomeration.