Late Prehistoric Cultural Dynamics and the Subsistence Parameters of Whaling at Wales, Alaska

1998年，《阿拉斯加州威尔士捕鲸活动的史前晚期文化动态和生存参数》。“摘要：威尔士考古项目的重点是阿拉斯加的一个社区，在接触时期，该社区至少有500人。 在历史上，这个村庄是阿拉斯加西北部的主要社会经济中心。 威尔士人与亚洲爱斯基摩人进行贸易和战争;这些活动可能吸引了大量的威尔士人口。 在阿拉斯加西部，这种情况也许提供了一个最好的机会，来考察史前晚期爱斯基摩社会的社会等级的可能性。 因此，这种分析的结果将直接涉及到世界各地的狩猎采集群体的社会政治和社会领土的研究，他们将大大有助于增加了解发展中的复杂性，在平等主义社会，因为他们被转化为正式排名的社会群体，如那些已被记录在西北海岸文化区。性状分布的分析还将研究史前晚期爱斯基摩人在威尔士当地的三个地点的表现之间的关系。 这些遗址含有动物群遗骸，可以说明史前人类在同时开发各种非鲸目海洋和陆地动物的背景下捕食鲸鱼的背景。 初步调查结果表明，非鲸目海洋哺乳动物在威尔士经济中发挥的作用比以前所认为的要大得多，它们提出了一些关于当地资源对当地大量人类居民的承载能力的问题。 进一步发展动物数据库和进行相关分析，将阐明大量集中的种群如何利用当地资源。 研究结果将有助于更准确地解释巨型动物群在史前更新世和全新世人类生存经济中的作用。

OPP-0080798 "Late Prehistoric Cultural Dynamics and the Subsistence Parameters of Whaling at Wales, Alaska."ABSTRACT: The Wales archaeology project focuses on a community in Alaska that, during contact period, comprised a population of at least 500 individuals. Historically the village was a primary socioeconomic center in northwest Alaska. Wales people engaged in trade and warfare with Asiatic Eskimos; these activities may have drawn the large Wales population to the location. This circumstance provides perhaps the best opportunity in western Alaska to examine the possibility of social ranking in late prehistoric Eskimo society. The results of this analysis will therefore pertain directly to sociopolitical and socioterritorial studies of hunter-gatherer groups worldwide, and they will contribute substantially to increased understanding of developing complexity in egalitarian societies as they are transformed into formally ranked social groups such as those that have been documented in the Northwest Coast culture area. Analyses of trait distributions will also examine relations between the late prehistoric Eskimo manifestations at three sites in the Wales locality. The sites contain faunal remains, which can illuminate the context in which the prehistoric human predation of whales was carried out against the background of simultaneous exploitation of various non-cetacean marine and terrestrial fauna. Preliminary findings indicate that non-cetacean sea mammals played a much larger role in the economy of Wales than has been suggested previously, and they raise a number of questions concerning the carrying capacity of the local resources in relation to the exceedingly large number of human inhabitants of the locality. Further development of the faunal database and accompanying analysis will illuminate how the large, concentrated population used local resources. The results will contribute to an increased precision in interpretations of the role of mega-fauna in prehistoric Pleistocene and Holocene human subsistence economies.