Electronic Encyclopedia of Earthquakes

这个项目的目标是创建一个地震电子百科全书(E3)，它将作为NSF数字图书馆倡议的组成部分发挥作用。该项目的牵头组织是南加州地震中心(SCEC)，与加州地震工程研究大学(CUREE)和联合地震研究所(IRIS)合作。该项目为期一年的试点阶段将形成一个业务框架，其中包括一套初始条目；计划在随后的阶段有效地扩大这一集合。项目名称《地震电子百科全书》准确地描述了该项目的成果：信息将以电子形式，通过万维网进行交流。不仅是阅读文本，用户将能够访问数据集，并以个性化的方式操作、可视化和分析数据。例如，学生或教师将能够从地震地面运动记录库中进行选择，并结合结构模型播放给定的记录，以试验动力响应的概念。《地震电子百科全书》与传统的印刷百科全书有关，因为它是以词条为基础的，由一系列主题组成，每个主题都作为独立的解释和信息集处理，但也有交叉引用。“百科全书”这个知识圈的根本意思也适用，因为主题的广度将以跨学科的方式涵盖地震主题。地球科学、工程学、物理学和数学是要包括的四个基本知识领域，并对地震对人类系统的影响进行一些处理。提供的条目和数据集将允许教师或学生以个性化的、基于探究的方式将不同的主题联系在一起，或者完成循环，而不会遇到沿着传统学科界限的人为划分。因此，“百科全书”是对这一产品的准确描述，而不是“入门读物”，因为这里的目标是提供组织清晰、动态的信息，允许学习者在主题中发现许多不同的途径，或创造新知识，而不是按照预先确定的顺序一次测量出一个想法或一段信息。第三个术语“地震”在很大程度上是不言而喻的，只是要注意，E3将不限于个别地震，尽管具体的大地震将被包括在条目中，并将用于说明更广泛的概念。为了平衡词条的广泛性和开放式，以及教师或学生需要快速地共同定位在不同标题下找到的适合他们查询的信息，相关内容的线索将被标记和链接，以提供给给定的可能级别的用户的连续性。例如，将向高中教师展示什么对他们的物理课程可能有用的内容与大学水平的工程或地球物理学课程不同，后者更深入地讨论相同的主题。信息将根据其复杂性或隐含的先决条件知识进行分层：将使用主要(词汇表)、次要(PRECIS)和第三(深入信息)框架。在这个领域中存在着大量的信息，可以适应这种收集，但一个常见的问题是，Web用户在最终找到他们想要的内容的过程中，经常会遇到大量的低质量或不相关的数据。层次化的框架和百科全书式的交叉参考思想，以及对质量控制的承诺，以确保高学术标准，旨在解决这一问题。

0085511HenyeyThe objective of this project is the creation of an Electronic Encyclopedia of Earthquakes (E3), which will function as an integral part of the NSF Digital Library Initiative. The lead organization in this project is the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC), in collaboration with California Universities for Research in Earthquake engineering (CUREE) and the Incorporated Research Institutes in Seismology (IRIS). The one-year pilot phase of this project will result in an operational framework with an initial set of entries; the enlargement of this collection is planned to then efficiently follow in a subsequent phase. The project name, Electronic Encyclopedia of Earthquakes, accurately describes the product of this project: The information will be electronic in form, communicated via the World Wide Web. Rather than only reading text, the user will be able to access data sets and to manipulate, visualize, and analyze the data in individualized ways. For example, the student or instructor will be able to select from a library of earthquake ground motion records and play a given record in combination with a structural model to experiment with the concept of dynamic response. The Electronic Encyclopedia of Earthquakes is related to a traditional printed encyclopedia in that it is entry-based, consisting of a series of topics, each dealt with as independent explanations and sets of information and yet also cross-referenced. The root meaning of "encyclopedia," the circle of knowledge, also applies, because the expanse of the topics will cover the earthquake subject in cross-disciplinary fashion. Earth sciences, engineering, physics, and mathematics are the four basic fields of knowledge to be included, with some treatment of impacts on human systems of earthquakes. Entries and data sets are provided that will allow the instructor or student to tie different topics together in an individualized, inquiry-based way, or to complete the circle, without encountering artificial divisions along traditional disciplinary lines. Thus, "encyclopedia" is an accurate description of this product, rather than "primer," because the goal here is to provide clearly organized, dynamic information that allows the learner to discover many different paths through the subject matter, or to create new knowledge, and not to meter out one idea or piece of information at a time in a pre-determined sequence. The third term, "earthquakes," is largely self-explanatory, except to note that E3 will not be limited to individual earthquakes, though specific major earthquakes will be included as entries and will be used to illustrate broader concepts. To balance the broad range and open-ended nature of the entries with the need for an instructor or student to quickly co-locate information found under different headings that is appropriate to their inquiry, threads of related content will be tagged and linked to provide continuity for a given likely level of user. For example, the content that will be mapped out to show high school teachers what may be useful for their physics courses is different than in the case of a college-level engineering or geophysics class where the same topic is treated in greater depth. The information will be layered in terms of its complexity or implied prerequisite knowledge: A primary (glossary), secondary (precis), and tertiary (in-depth information) framework will be used. A large amount of information exists in this field that can be adapted for this collection, but a common problem is that the Web user often encounters a large volume of low quality or irrelevant data in the process of eventually finding the content they desire. The layered framework and the encyclopedic idea of cross-references, along with a commitment to quality control to ensure high academic standards, have been designed to overcome this problem.