Reconfigurable Reaction Wall-based Earthquake Simulator Facility

乔治E.小布朗地震工程模拟网络（NEES）计划是美国国家科学基金会主要研究设备计划资助的一个项目。 根据NEES计划，该合作协议在加州的加州大学伯克利分校（UCB）建立了NEES可重构反应墙地震模拟器设施。UCB将设计、建造、安装、调试和运营一个模块化和高度灵活的动态测试设施，该设施将能够对形成单一结构的子结构之间的相互作用进行基于实验和分析模型的模拟。 从这种模拟中获得的知识将有助于制定新一代基于性能的设计准则，并在实践中加以实施，以提高民用基础设施的安全性和可靠性。 该设备将于2004年9月30日或更早投入使用，并将作为国家共享的NEES设备站点进行管理，具有远程观测和远程操作能力，以在2014年之前为大型结构系统提供新的地震工程研究测试能力。 该NEES设备站点将通过大学的Abilene连接连接到NEES合作实验室，具有1-2 Gb/sec以太网功能。 共享使用的访问和培训将通过NEES联盟进行协调。 该奖项是对提交给NSF 00-6“NEES：地震工程研究设备”项目招标的提案进行同行评审的结果。“该设备将安装在UCB里士满现场站的484号楼，并将利用现有的坚固地板、现有的400万磅轴向压缩-拉伸试验机以及一系列现有的静态和动态致动器。 根据该合同提供以下设备：（1）可重新配置的反应墙，带有后张拉杆和耦合器，（2）七个动态和静态致动器组件：四个动态，两个额定值为50 kips（222 kN），最小行程为40 in（1016 mm），两个额定值为150 kips（667 kN），最小行程为40 in（1016 mm），三个静态的，一个额定在446/600千磅（1984/2669 kN），行程为40 in（1016 mm），两个额定值为216/328 kips（961/1459 kN），行程72英寸（1829 mm），（3）一个液压分配系统，（4）一个高性能蓄积系统，（5）一个具有实时混合控制包和集成数据采集通道的数字控制系统，包括用于8个控制通道和16个附加数据采集通道的硬件和软件开发套件，（6）具有带A/D转换器的模块化128通道数据采集系统的高级数据采集系统，（7）数字视频远程观测系统，包括数字摄像机、数字视频录像机和数字视频互联网服务器的系统，（8）仪器，包括基于电位计的位移传感器、基于MEMS的加速度计、测压元件、倾斜仪、电缆和连接器，以及（9）网络接口硬件。 反应墙由混凝土模块、空心砌块组成，空心砌块设计成在顶部和底部配对，并施加压力成一个整体单元。 将使用相同的后张拉将反力墙连接到坚固的楼板。 至少有14个砌块可以配置一个42英尺（12.8米）高的反应墙或两个21英尺（6.4米）高的反应墙。 通过这种模块化的坚固墙壁概念，墙壁和布置的许多组合将是可能的。 网络接口将使现有的振动台和反应墙之间的合作混合测试。 此外，加州大学千年集群的网络接口将提供一个大规模并行计算设施，必要的实施多子结构伪动态测试方法。 该实验设施旨在支持新一代混合测试方法的开发，这些方法可以顺利地集成物理和数值模拟。 部分的结构，预计表现在一个可预测的方式，是数字建模，而一个或多个复杂的边界和它们相互作用的模型使用缩放的物理模型。 使用数值积分算法，物理和数值子结构可以作为一个单一的结构进行分析。 这种混合测试中涉及的物理或数字子结构可以位于由NEES网络连接的不同地理位置。 UCB将把这种可重新配置的基于反作用墙的地震模拟器整合到其研究计划和本科生和研究生课程中（包括在基于网络的在线课程模块中广泛提供材料），并通过现场课程和基于网络的材料为外部研究人员提供培训机会。

The George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) Program is a project funded under the NSF Major Research Equipment Program. This cooperative agreement, under the NEES Program, establishes a NEES reconfigurable reaction wall-based earthquake simulator facility at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB), California. UCB will design, construct, install, commission, and operate a modular and highly flexible dynamic testing facility that will enable experimental and analytical model-based simulation of interactions among substructures that form a single structure. The knowledge gained from such simulations will help develop a new generation of performance-based design guidelines and implement them in practice to improve the safety and reliability of civil infrastructure. This equipment will be operational by September 30, 2004, or earlier and will be managed as a national shared-use NEES equipment site, with teleobservation and teleoperation capabilities, to provide new earthquake engineering research testing capabilities for large structural systems through 2014. This NEES equipment site will be connected to the NEES collaboratory through the University's Abilene connection, with 1-2 Gb/sec Ethernet capabilities. Shared-use access and training will be coordinated through the NEES Consortium. This award is an outcome of the peer review of proposals submitted to program solicitation NSF 00-6, "NEES: Earthquake Engineering Research Equipment." The equipment will be installed in Building 484 at the Richmond Field Station of UCB and will make use of the existing strong floor, existing four-million-pound axial compression-tension testing machine, and an array of existing static and dynamic actuators. The following equipment is provided under this award: (1) reconfigurable reaction wall, with post-tensioning bars and couplers, (2) seven dynamic and static actuator assemblies: four dynamic, two rated at 50 kips (222 kN) with 40-in (1016 mm) stroke minimum and two rated at 150 kips (667 kN) with 40-in (1016 mm) stroke minimum, and three static, one rated at 446/600 kips (1984/2669 kN) with 40-in (1016 mm) stroke and two rated at 216/328 kips (961/1459 kN) with 72-in (1829 mm) stroke, (3) one hydraulic distribution system, (4) one high-performance accumulation system, (5) one digital control system with real-time hybrid control packages and integrated data acquisition channels, comprising hardware for 8 control channels and 16 additional data acquisition channels and software development kits, (6) advanced data acquisition system with a modular 128-channel data acquisition system with A/D converter, (7) digital video teleobservation system including a system of digital cameras, digital video recorders and a digital video Internet server, (8) instrumentation that includes potentiometer-based displacement sensors, MEMS-based accelerometers, load cells, tilt-meters, cabling, and connectors, and (9) network interface hardware. The reaction wall consists of concrete modules, hollow-core blocks designed to be mated at the top and bottom and postensioned into a monolithic unit. The same postensioning will be used to connect the reaction wall to the strong floor. At least 14 blocks will make it possible to configure a single 42-ft (12.8 m) reaction wall or two 21-ft (6.4 m) tall walls. Numerous combinations of walls and arrangements will be possible with this modular strong wall concept. A network interface will enable cooperative hybrid testing between an existing shaking table and the reaction wall. Furthermore, a network interface to the University of California Millennium cluster will provide access to a massively parallel computation facility necessary to implement the multiply substructured pseudo-dynamic testing method. The experimental facility is designed to support the development of a new generation of hybrid testing methods that smoothly integrate physical and numerical simulations. Portions of the structure, expected to behave in a predictable manner, are modeled numerically, while one or more complex subassemblies and the boundaries on which they interact are modeled using scaled physical models. Using numerical integration algorithms, the physical and numerical substructures can be analyzed as a single structure. The substructures, physical or numerical, involved in such hybrid testing can be at different geographic locations connected by the NEES network. UCB will integrate this reconfigurable reaction wall-based earthquake simulator into its research program and undergraduate and graduate curricula (including making the material widely available in online web-based course modules), and provide training opportunities for outside researchers through on-site courses and web-based materials.