SGER: Decision-making In Complex Systems

SGER：复杂系统中的决策

• 批准号: 0090145
• 负责人: Joseph Halpern
• 金额: $ 9万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2002-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0090145&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Decision; making; Complex; Systems

The PI is exploring applications of decision theory to large, complex systems, both from the theoretical and practical point of view. From the theoretical end, he plans to use his previously-introduced concept of plausibility measures as a tool for exploring qualitative decision making. Plausibility measures generalize probability measures, and provide an elegant framework for understanding what properties of an uncertainty measure are necessary to use that uncertainty measure for various purposes (e.g., as a model of belief revision or to apply the techniques of Bayesian networks). The PI hopes plausibility measures will enable him to "fine-tune" approaches to decision making in applications where one does not have complete probability distributions and only rough utilities. As far as practical applications go, the PI plans to extend his initial work on applying decision theory to query optimization in databases. When a user poses a query, there are in general many different plans that can be used to compute the answer. While all the plans will compute the answer correctly, they may differ wildly in running time. What will be the best plan will in general depend on the values of certain random variables (how much memory the system has available when the query is run and the selectivity of various predicates). Current query optimization algorithms just use a particular value (e.g., the expected value) for these variables. The PI has previously shown how to modify these algorithms to allow for there being a probability distribution associated with each of these variables in order to compute the plan with the least expected running time. In theory, this approach should substantially outperform the competition, but it remains to be determined experimentally whether the theoretical results hold up in practice.

PI正在从理论和实践的角度探索决策理论在大型复杂系统中的应用。从理论上讲，他计划将他之前介绍的似是而非度量概念用作探索定性决策的工具。似然性度量概括了概率度量，并提供了一个优雅的框架，用于理解将不确定性度量的哪些属性用于各种目的(例如，作为信念修正的模型或应用贝叶斯网络技术)。PI希望似是而非的衡量标准将使他能够在没有完全概率分布和只有粗略效用的应用中“微调”决策方法。就实际应用而言，PI计划扩展他在将决策理论应用于数据库查询优化方面的初步工作。当用户提出查询时，通常有许多不同的计划可用于计算答案。虽然所有的计划都会正确地计算出答案，但它们在运行时间上可能会有很大的不同。最好的计划通常取决于某些随机变量的值(运行查询时系统有多少内存可用，以及各种谓词的选择性)。当前的查询优化算法仅使用这些变量的特定值(例如，期望值)。PI之前已经展示了如何修改这些算法，以允许存在与这些变量中的每个变量相关联的概率分布，以便以最少的预期运行时间来计算计划。从理论上讲，这种方法应该会大大超过竞争对手，但理论结果在实践中是否站得住脚还有待实验确定。