CAREER: Association of Pathogens with Wastewater Particles-Impact on the Biological Quality of Post-Disinfected Wastewater Effluents

废水二级流出物中消毒系统的性能通常是通过测量目标生物对所应用消毒剂的不同剂量的反应来评估的。在美国，大肠菌群是最广泛使用的消毒性能指标，它们的存活数量构成了大多数排放许可的基础。在所用消毒剂的低剂量下，目标有机体(通常是大肠菌群)的反应遵循一级动力学。当所用消毒剂的剂量从中到高时，二级或三级废水流出物通常会偏离一级动力学。中到高剂量的偏差，在这里称为尾矿，其特征是随着所应用消毒剂的值的增加，目标有机物的灭活率降低。含有大肠菌群的颗粒的数量最近被证明是影响尾矿地区消毒系统性能的一个重要参数(Emerick等人，1999b)。为了使大肠菌群成为其他目标生物体(例如细菌和病毒病原体)失活的适当指示器，另一个目标目标生物体必须与大肠菌群细菌在废水颗粒中以大致相同的频率和相同的位置出现。此外，不同消毒剂的相对效率取决于特定消毒剂渗透到废水颗粒中的能力。这项提议的总体目标是将公共卫生工程中的创新研究与全面的教育计划结合起来。研究与教育相结合的战略计划是一种多方面的方法，将研究与外联和教育活动相结合，并将外联活动与教育相结合。外展活动将侧重于发展与研究中心、国家实验室、行业和政府机构的合作伙伴关系，以参与教育努力，交流研究想法，并将研究成果实地实施。拟议研究的结果将移交给适当的行业同行，包括市政当局及其顾问，以帮助设计和优化上游处理工艺，以改善下游消毒系统的性能。然后，外展活动的接受者将被带进教室，提供一个实用和亲身实践的视角，了解地方、州和国家机构和组织如何将研究活动纳入当前的工业和环境问题。通过这种方式，拟议研究的外联对象将发挥咨询作用，以评价国际和平研究所实施的研究与教育一体化战略计划是否成功。教育计划将根据咨询小组提出的意见不断更新和修改。

The performance of a disinfection system in wastewater secondary effluents is typically evaluated by measuring the response of a targeted organism to various doses of the applied disinfectant. Coliform bacteria are the most widely used indicator of disinfection performance in the United States and their surviving numbers form the basis for most discharge permits. At low doses of the applied disinfectant, the response of the targeted organism (typically coliform) follows first-order kinetics. Deviations from first-order kinetics are commonly observed in secondary or tertiary wastewater effluents at moderate to high doses of the applied disinfectant. Deviations at moderate to high doses, herein referred to as tailing, are characterized by a reduced rate of inactivation of the targeted organism with increasing values of the applied disinfectant.The number of particles containing coliform bacteria has recently been demonstrated as a significant parameter influencing the performance of a disinfection system in the tailing region (Emerick et al ., 1999b). For coliform bacteria to be a suitable indicator of the inactivation of other targeted organisms (e.g., bacterial and viral pathogens), the other targeted organism of interest would have to be associated at roughly the same frequency and in the same location within wastewater particles as coliform bacteria. Additionally, the comparative efficiencies of various disinfectants are dependent on the ability of a particular disinfectant to penetrate into wastewater particles.The overall objective of this proposal is to couple novel and innovative research in public health engineering with a comprehensive educational program. The strategic plan for the integration of research and education is a multi-faceted approach that couples research with outreach and educational activities, as well as outreach activities with education. Outreach activities will focus on developing collaborative partnerships with research centers, national laboratories, industry, and government agencies for participating in educational endeavors, exchanging research ideas, and the field implementation of research findings. Findings from the proposed research will be transferred to the appropriate industry counterparts, including municipalities and their consultants, to aid in the design and optimization of upstream treatment processes to improve the performance of downstream disinfection systems. The recipients of the outreach activities will then be brought into the classroom to provide a practical and hands-on perspective of how research activities are incorporated by local, state, and national agencies and organizations into current industrial and environmental problems. In this manner, the recipients of outreach from the proposed research will serve in an advisory role to evaluate the success of the strategic plan implemented by the PI for the integration of research and education. The educational plan will be continually updated and modified based on comments received from the advisory panel.