Doctoral Dissertation Research: International Trade Policy in the Age of Globalization

过去30年见证了美国贸易政策的重大转变。直到20世纪70年代，美国政府一直使用高关税和进口配额来保护陷入困境的行业。从20世纪70年代中期开始，这些政策被“公平贸易”政策所取代，这是一种改良形式的保护主义。然而，政府将这些新政策纳入关贸总协定的成功程度因行业而异。本项目试图解释为什么美国政府改变了其贸易政策偏好，以及为什么美国政府将这些偏好转化为官方政策的能力各不相同。在此过程中，它揭示了各国在制定政策时如何应对全球力量、国际关系和国内机构。为了实现这些目标，该项目从档案和二手来源收集数据，如政府报告、贸易期刊、国会听证会、关贸总协定出版物和对关键人物的采访，以比较不同时期和不同行业的贸易政策。加时部分将1960 /1970年代形成的贸易政策和国际协定与1980年代形成的贸易政策和国际协定进行比较。跨行业部分比较了纺织品、钢铁和民用飞机的政策轨迹，这三个行业经历了经济困难，并在影响其产品的贸易政策方面经历了重大转变。

The last 30 years have witnessed a major transformation in American Trade Policy. Until the 1970s, the U.S. government used high tariffs and import quotas to protect troubled industries. Starting in the mid-1970s, those were replaced with 'fair trade' policies, a modified form of protectionism. However, government success in including these new policies under GATT has varied considerably across industries. This project attempts to explain why the U.S. government has changed its trade policy preferences, and why its ability to turn these preferences into official policies has varied. In so doing, it sheds light on how states deal with global forces, international relations, and domestic institutions in developing policy.To reach these goals, the project gathers data from archival and secondary sources, such as government reports, trade journals, Congressional hearings, GATT publications, and interviews with key figures, to compare trade policy both over time and across industries. The over-time component compares trade policies and international agreements formed in the 1960s/1970s with those formed in the 1980s. The cross-industry component compares policy trajectories in textiles, steel, and civil aircraft -- three industries that have gone through economic difficulties and experienced a significant shift in the trade policies affecting their products.