Doctoral Dissertation Research: Rainfall Characteristics and the Influence of Urban Land Use on Shallow Landslide Initiation in Seattle, Washington

博士论文研究：华盛顿州西雅图市降雨特征及城市土地利用对浅层滑坡发生的影响

• 批准号: 0101269
• 负责人: T. Nelson Caine
• 金额: $ 0.53万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-03-15 至 2003-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0101269&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Rainfall; Characteristics

Shallow landslides often occur on natural hillslopes during rainstorms of high intensity or long duration. While researchers have examined the profound effects that that an urban environment can have on surface hydrology and drainage morphology, relatively little attention has been given to the effects of urbanization on landslide hazards. This doctoral dissertation research project will address the influence of impervious surfaces on shallow landslide occurrence in Seattle, an urban area with a precipitation climatology characterized by winter rainstorms of long duration and low intensity. The project will use a geographic information system (GIS) framework to combine rainfall data from a dense gauge network, high-resolution digital topography, a historical record of landslide occurrence, and a remotely sensed map of impervious surfaces. Analyses of these data will facilitate evaluation of the watershed-scale effects of surface drainage alteration on landslide susceptibility. Research methods will include compilation of historical shallow landslide occurrence and associated precipitation climatology. Empirical relations between rainfall intensity/duration will be defined. Field investigations of large or recent landslides will provide information on the geologic setting, style of landslide failure and deposition, and influence of drainage modifications. To evaluate the effect of impervious surfaces on landslide occurrence, a coupled rainfall-infiltration/slope-stability model will be used to describe the spatial distribution of pore-water pressures at depth during rainstorms in which landslide are known to have occurred.This project will examine the influence of impervious surfaces on landslide hazard in an urban setting where slope failure occurs during rainstorms of low intensity and long duration by applying a coupled, physically based model in a GIS framework. The study will illuminate the processes through which the urban environment has a significant impact on hillslope processes at the watershed scale. In a broader context, the project will add to the understanding of human impact on geomorphic systems. Results from this study should provide predictive and design tools for emergency management and planning. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

天然山坡在大强度或长时间的暴雨中常发生浅层滑坡。 虽然研究人员已经研究了城市环境对地表水文和排水形态的深刻影响，但相对较少关注城市化对滑坡灾害的影响。 这个博士论文研究项目将解决的影响，不透水表面上发生浅层滑坡在西雅图，一个城市地区的降水气候特点是冬季暴雨的持续时间长，强度低。 该项目将利用地理信息系统框架，将来自密集测量网的降雨数据、高分辨率数字地形、滑坡发生的历史记录和不透水面遥感图等联合收割机结合起来。 这些数据的分析将有助于评估流域规模的地表排水改造对滑坡敏感性的影响。 研究方法将包括汇编历史上发生的浅层滑坡和相关的降水气候学。 将确定降雨强度/持续时间之间的经验关系。 对大型或近期滑坡的实地调查将提供有关地质背景、滑坡破坏和沉积类型以及排水改造影响的信息。 为了评估不透水面对滑坡发生的影响，孔隙-入渗/边坡-稳定耦合模型将用于描述孔隙的空间分布，在已知发生山泥倾泻的暴雨期间，深层水的压力。这项研究计划会在低强度及长时间暴雨期间，在市区范围内，采用在GIS框架中耦合的、基于物理的模型。 这项研究将阐明的过程，通过城市环境有一个显着的影响，在流域尺度上的山坡过程。 在更广泛的范围内，该项目将增加对人类对地貌系统影响的理解。 这项研究的结果应提供预测和设计工具，应急管理和规划。 作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立的研究生涯。