Survey of Invertebrates at Sea Floor Deployments of Wood in the North Pacific Ocean

北太平洋海底无脊椎动物调查 木材部署

• 批准号: 0103690
• 负责人: Janet Voight
• 金额: $ 7.7万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-01 至 2006-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0103690&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Survey; Invertebrates; Sea; Floor; Deployments

Survey of Invertebrates at Sea Floor Deployments of Wood in the North Pacific OceanPerhaps because of the small, well-defined habitats in which they occur, animals at sea floor hydrothermal vents are increasingly well known, but our knowledge of animals that live elsewhere on the vast sea floor continues to be limited. Do species known from vents and their relatives occur in comparable, non-vent habitats in which oxygen is limited? One little-known seafloor habitat, that provided by wood sunken to the sea floor, shares with hydrothermal vents temporal transience, random distributions, ecosystems based on bacterial production. Both hydrothermal vents and sunken wood provide hard substrates on the otherwise sediment-laden sea floor. The earliest deep-sea discovery cruises first reported the very high diversity and unusual animals associated with wood falls trawled from the sea floor, but the composition of the wood fall fauna remain poorly known. Experimental deployments of wood and a control substrate, basalt, will sample this little-known fauna to determine its composition and relationship with the vent fauna. Individual lengths of wood and basalt cubes in a mesh bag will compose deployment units. Four of these units will be tied to a frame constructed from PVC tubing. Two frames with units will be deployed in the North Pacific Ocean from a surface ship using the CTD wire with a transponder at Axial Volcano at 1500 m depth and two deployed on the abyssal plain at 2500 m depth. After one year, half of the deployments at each site will be recovered by a Remotely Operated Vehicle to ascend to the surface ship in a lidded box. The other half will be recovered after two years. Because these sites differ in substrate, depth and proximity to hydrothermal venting, the recovered units will likely carry maximal species diversity. Specimens recovered on-board ship will be deposited in The Field Museum collections where existing collections from North Pacific hydrothermal vents will facilitate direct comparisons. Improving the availability of deep-sea specimens will increase our knowledge of wood fall specialists in the North Pacific Ocean, and of their habitat specificity, especially relative to hydrothermal vents.

北太平洋海底无脊椎动物的调查北太平洋木材展布也许是因为它们所处的栖息地小而明确，海底热液喷口的动物越来越为人所知，但我们对生活在广阔海底其他地方的动物的了解仍然有限。 已知的喷口物种及其近缘物种是否出现在氧气有限的类似非喷口生境中？ 一个鲜为人知的海底栖息地，这是由沉入海底的木材提供的，与热液喷口一样，时间短暂，随机分布，基于细菌生产的生态系统。 热液喷口和沉没的木材都为本来充满沉积物的海底提供了坚硬的基底。 最早的深海探索巡航首次报告了与从海底拖网捕捞的木材福尔斯有关的非常高的多样性和不寻常的动物，但木材福尔斯动物群的组成仍然知之甚少。 实验性地部署木材和对照基质玄武岩，将对这种鲜为人知的动物群进行取样，以确定其组成及其与喷口动物群的关系。 在一个网袋中的单独长度的木材和玄武岩立方体将组成部署单元。 其中四个装置将连接到由PVC管构成的框架上。 将在北太平洋的Axial火山1500 m深处，从一艘水面舰艇上使用CTD线和一个转发器部署两个带单元的框架，并在2500 m深处的深海平原上部署两个框架。 一年后，每个地点的一半部署将由遥控潜水器回收，并在一个有盖的盒子中上升到水面舰艇。 另一半将在两年后收回。 由于这些地点的底质、深度和与热液喷口的接近程度不同，所回收的单元可能具有最大的物种多样性。在船上回收的标本将存放在菲尔德博物馆的收藏品中，从北太平洋热液喷口收集的现有标本将有助于直接比较。 改善深海标本的可得性将增加我们对北太平洋伐木专家及其生境特殊性，特别是与热液喷口有关的生境特殊性的了解。