Collaborative Research: Experimental Determination of Abiologic and Inorganic Iron and Oxygen Isotope Fractionation
合作研究:非生物和无机铁和氧同位素分馏的实验测定
基本信息
- 批准号:0106614
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 22.52万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2001
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2001-08-15 至 2004-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Johnson and BeardEAR-0106614Isotopic variations of transition metals have attracted attention in the last year or two, in large part because such elements may be isotopically fractionated by biological processes. So far, clear biologically produced isotopic fractionation has been measured in the laboratory only for Fe, and this led to the proposal that Fe isotopes may be a useful "biosignature" that may be applied to tracing the role of organisms in modern and ancient environments, and may help in understanding the origin and evolution of life on Earth or other planetary bodies. However, because significant Fe isotope variations (3-4 per mil [/] in 56Fe/54Fe) are found only in fluids, rocks, and minerals from low temperature environments, it is possible that inorganic or abiologic Fe isotope fractionation may at least in part explain the range of Fe isotope compositions measured for natural samples. Support for inorganic or abiologic Fe isotope fractionation comes from experimental data and theoretical calculations, involving both mineral and fluid systems. Data from the U.W. Madison group on oxide and carbonate minerals from sedimentary rocks, as well as initial experimental results from mineral-fluid and Fe(II)-Fe(III) aqueous systems, indicate inorganic Fe isotope fractionations on the order of 1-3 / for some (but not all) systems, similar to those calculated from theory for a few cases, but also pointing to significant discrepancies between experiments and theory.The proposed research involves an extensive set of experimental determinations of Fe isotope fractionation factors between coexisting aqueous Fe species, between minerals and fluids, and between coexisting minerals. In all of the proposed experiments, distinction between kinetic and equilibrium isotope fractionations will be accomplished through use of the "three isotope method" or use of enriched isotope tracers. One phase of the proposed research will focus on determining the equilibrium Fe isotope fractionation between coexisting Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes as a function of temperature, ionic strength, pH, and ligand chemistry, including aquo, chloro, and cyanide complexes, as well as mixed complexes. Another phase of the planned work will involve determining mineral-mineral and mineral-fluid isotope fractionation factors over the T-P range 200-600 degrees C and 1-20 kbar; in many cases, this work will involve determination of both O and Fe isotope fractionation factors from the same run products so that the relative isotopic exchange rates of these two elements may be compared. Initially, the goal will be to determine isotopic fractionations between siderite, magnetite, hematite, and fluid, given the importance of these minerals in the low-temperature rock record, but our work may be extended to other minerals (such as sulfides) depending upon the results. Ultimately, combined O and Fe isotope analysis of natural minerals may provide important cross-checks of attainment of isotopic equilibrium and the sources of fluids from which they precipitated. A number of experimental strategies are outlined in the proposal, which are aimed at addressing known experimental issues, but are intended to be flexible enough so that different approaches may be tried depending upon initial results. An important component to the viability of the planned experimental program is the very high precision that is now attainable using new instrumentation at U.W. Madison, where Fe isotope compositions may be determined on real samples to an external precision of plus or minus0.05 / in 56Fe/54Fe ratios on very small (~ 100-300 ng) quantities of Fe. Given the great potential that Fe isotope geochemistry has for addressing problems that cut across several disciplines, the proposed experimental determinations of Fe isotope fractionation factors are viewed as essential before the field of Fe isotope geochemistry can move forward.
约翰逊和比尔德韦尔-0106614过渡金属的同位素变化在过去一两年里引起了人们的注意,这在很大程度上是因为这些元素可能会通过生物过程进行同位素分馏。 到目前为止,在实验室中只测量到了Fe的清晰的生物产生的同位素分馏,这导致了Fe同位素可能是一种有用的“生物特征”的建议,可以用于追踪生物在现代和古代环境中的作用,并可能有助于了解地球或其他行星上生命的起源和进化。 然而,因为只有在低温环境中的流体、岩石和矿物中才发现显著的Fe同位素变化(56Fe/54Fe为3 - 4/mil [/]),所以无机或非生物Fe同位素分馏可能至少部分解释了天然样品中测量的Fe同位素组成范围。 无机或非生物铁同位素分馏的支持来自实验数据和理论计算,涉及矿物和流体系统。 数据来自U.W.麦迪逊小组对沉积岩中氧化物和碳酸盐矿物的研究,以及矿物-流体和Fe(II)-Fe(III)水溶液体系的初步实验结果表明,对于某些岩石,无机Fe同位素分馏在1 - 3/(但不是所有)系统,类似于少数情况下从理论计算的系统,但也指出了实验和理论之间的重大差异。拟议的研究涉及一系列广泛的实验测定共存的含水Fe物种之间的Fe同位素分馏因子,矿物和流体之间,以及共存矿物之间。 在所有拟议的实验中,将通过使用"三同位素法"或使用富集同位素示踪剂来区分动力学和平衡同位素分馏。 拟议的研究的一个阶段将侧重于确定共存的Fe(II)和Fe(III)配合物之间的平衡Fe同位素分馏作为温度,离子强度,pH值和配体化学的函数,包括水,氯和氰化物配合物,以及混合配合物。 计划工作的另一个阶段将涉及在200 - 600摄氏度和1 - 20千巴的温压范围内确定矿物-矿物和矿物-流体同位素分馏系数;在许多情况下,这项工作将涉及从同一批产品中确定O和Fe同位素分馏系数,以便可以比较这两种元素的相对同位素交换率。 最初,我们的目标是确定菱铁矿,磁铁矿,赤铁矿和流体之间的同位素分馏,考虑到这些矿物在低温岩石记录中的重要性,但我们的工作可能会扩展到其他矿物(如硫化物)取决于结果。 最后,结合天然矿物的O和Fe同位素分析可以提供重要的交叉检查的同位素平衡的实现和流体的来源,他们沉淀。 提案中概述了一些实验策略,旨在解决已知的实验问题,但也要足够灵活,以便根据初步结果尝试不同的方法。 计划中的实验计划可行性的一个重要组成部分是非常高的精度,现在可以在U.W.使用新的仪器。麦迪逊,其中Fe同位素组成可以在真实的样品上测定,外部精度为± 0.05/in 56 Fe/54 Fe比,Fe含量非常少(~100 - 300 ng)。 考虑到Fe同位素地球化学在解决跨学科问题方面的巨大潜力,在Fe同位素地球化学领域向前发展之前,Fe同位素分馏因子的实验测定被认为是必不可少的。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Clark Johnson其他文献
1151: What antenatal fetal surveillance parameters predict fetal demise in Down syndrome?
- DOI:
10.1016/j.ajog.2019.11.1163 - 发表时间:
2020-01-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Juliet Bishop;Amanda Jones;Clark Johnson;Ahizechukwu Eke;Angie Jelin;Karin Blakemore - 通讯作者:
Karin Blakemore
2090831 Prenatal Diagnosis and Appearance of a Congenital Benign Nasal Hamartoma
- DOI:
10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.12.599 - 发表时间:
2015-04-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Clark Johnson;Katherine Latimer;Kristen Diffenderfer;Jude Crino - 通讯作者:
Jude Crino
Clark Johnson的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Clark Johnson', 18)}}的其他基金
Archean continental weathering: Revisiting the Sr isotope seawater curve
太古代大陆风化:重温锶同位素海水曲线
- 批准号:
1523697 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 22.52万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Timescales of Deep and Shallow Magmatic Evolution of Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake)
马扎间山(火山口湖)深浅岩浆演化的时间尺度
- 批准号:
1144937 - 财政年份:2012
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$ 22.52万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Acquisition of a multi-collector, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS)
购买多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪 (MC-ICP-MS)
- 批准号:
1028462 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 22.52万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Stable isotope investigation of Fe oxide reactivity and natural isotope fractionation
合作研究:氧化铁反应性的稳定同位素研究和天然同位素分馏
- 批准号:
1122855 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 22.52万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Acquisition of a femtosecond laser ablation system
购置飞秒激光烧蚀系统
- 批准号:
0901938 - 财政年份:2009
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$ 22.52万 - 项目类别:
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Collaborative Research: Experimental Determination of Iron (Fe) Isotope Fractionations in Sulfide Minerals
合作研究:硫化矿物中铁 (Fe) 同位素分馏的实验测定
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0635593 - 财政年份:2007
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Funding for Workshop on Paleoenvironmental Proxies; San Francisco, CA
为古环境代理研讨会提供资金;
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0609120 - 财政年份:2006
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Mechanisms of Fe isotope fractionation during biological Fe(III) reduction
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- 批准号:
0525417 - 财政年份:2005
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$ 22.52万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Technician Support: Request for Phase 1 for MC-ICP-MS Laboratory
技术人员支持:请求 MC-ICP-MS 实验室第一阶段
- 批准号:
0318213 - 财政年份:2004
- 资助金额:
$ 22.52万 - 项目类别:
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How Long Does It Take to Make and Preserve a HP/UHP Terrane? Petrologic and Geochronologic Studies of the Zermatt-Saas and Monte Rosa Units of the Western Alps
制作和保存 HP/UHP 地体需要多长时间?
- 批准号:
0309853 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 22.52万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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