Systematics of Guyana and Brazilian Shield Endemic Loricariid Catfishes of the Tribe Ancistrini and Biogeography of the Shield Regions

圭亚那和巴西地盾 Ancisstrini 部落特有 Loricariid 鲶鱼的系统学和地盾地区的生物地理学

• 批准号: 0107751
• 负责人: Jonathan Armbruster
• 金额: $ 23.84万
• 依托单位: Auburn University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-01 至 2005-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0107751&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Systematics; Guyana; Brazilian; Shield; Endemic

With 646 species, the Loricariidae (suckermouth armored catfishes) is one of the largest families of fishes in the world. Loricariids are distributed throughout much of South America and part of Central America where they fill significant ecological roles as algivores, detritivores, and lignivores (wood-eaters). Particularly speciose among the Loricariidae is the tribe Ancistrini of the subfamily Hypostominae. Amongst the Ancistrini, the major taxonomic and systematic problems revolve around a group of genera with ranges centered upon the Brazilian and Guyana Shields, two areas of ancient mountain ranges. In this study, the shield endemic groups of the Ancistrini will be examined to determine what species exist in the shield region and numerous undescribed taxa will be described. Once this is completed, the relationships of the species will be determined by various aspects of their morphology (such as bones) in order to reconstruct the biogeographical history of the shield region. By analyzing several groups with similar life histories, the way in which the shield regions have been invaded by fishes can be explored in detail. Particular emphasis will be placed on the Guyana Shield.From a conservation standpoint, although much of the Guyana Shield remains sparsely populated, some rivers have been incredibly impacted by gold and diamond mining. By studying the Guyana Shield Ancistrini now, we will have a better understanding of the diversity of fishes in the area before the area becomes irreversibly impacted. On a recent trip I took to the Potaro River in Guyana, several loricariids that should have been present were not captured suggesting that the extensive mining in the area has had a detrimental effect on them. Mining practices may have a particularly detrimental effect on loricariid catfishes because loricariids feed on biofilm that may become laced with pollutants from the mining industry and which may be harmed by the increased turbidity caused by dredging. It is imperative that studies into the shield fauna be accomplished soon so that we can have a better understanding of what we need to conserve and how it needs to be conserved before it is lost. This study will also provide the means to collect in poorly studied areas of South America. Many undescribed species of fishes will likely be collected in this study. In addition, tissues of all species collected will be taken for future genetic analyses and would allow for future toxicological analyses.

有646个物种，吸口装甲鱼是世界上最大的鱼科之一。Loricariids分布在南美洲大部分地区和中美洲部分地区，在那里它们扮演着重要的生态角色，如食草动物、食害性动物和木食性动物(食木者)。特别是在Loricariidae中，是Hypostominae亚科的Ancistrini部落。在Ancistrini中，主要的分类和系统问题围绕着一组属，范围集中在巴西和圭亚那地盾，这两个古老的山脉地区。在这项研究中，将检查Ancistrini的盾牌特有类群，以确定盾牌区域存在哪些物种，并将描述许多未描述的分类群。一旦完成，物种的关系将由其形态的各个方面(如骨骼)来确定，以重建盾牌区域的生物地理历史。通过分析几个有着相似生活史的群体，可以详细地探索屏蔽区被鱼类入侵的方式。重点将放在圭亚那盾上。从保护的角度来看，尽管圭亚那盾的大部分地区人口稀少，但一些河流已经受到黄金和钻石开采的令人难以置信的影响。现在通过研究圭亚那盾牌Ancistrini，我们将更好地了解该地区鱼类的多样性，以免该地区受到不可逆转的影响。在我最近去圭亚那波塔罗河的一次旅行中，几种本应存在的线虫没有被捕获，这表明该地区的大量采矿对它们产生了有害的影响。采矿做法可能会对双齿叉尾叉尾鱼产生特别有害的影响，因为双尾叉尾轮虫以生物膜为食，生物膜可能会夹杂来自采矿业的污染物，并可能因疏浚造成的浑浊增加而受到损害。当务之急是尽快完成对盾牌动物的研究，以便我们能够更好地了解我们需要保护什么，以及在它消失之前如何保护它。这项研究还将提供在南美洲研究较少的地区收集数据的手段。这项研究可能会收集到许多未被描述的鱼类物种。此外，收集到的所有物种的组织将被用于未来的遗传分析，并将允许进行未来的毒理学分析。