SGER: Indirect Effects of Biocontrols: Do Gall Fly-induced Increases in Deer Mouse Populations increase the Prevalence of Hantavirus?

SGER：生物防治的间接影响：瘿蝇引起的鹿鼠种群数量增加是否会增加汉坦病毒的流行？

• 批准号: 0108892
• 负责人: Ragan Callaway
• 金额: $ 2.28万
• 依托单位: University of Montana
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-05-15 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0108892&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Indirect; Effects; Biocontrols; Do

0108892CallawayThe indirect effects of consumers in food webs are known to be important in natural ecological systems, and the consequences of disrupting natural food webs are sometimes disastrous. However, our knowledge of indirect effects has not been well integrated into invasive weed biological control theory and practice. Over 700 species on non-native insects have been introduced worldwide with the expectation that they will have negative direct effects on invasive weeds, resulting in indirect positive effects on native species. However, preliminary data indicate that even well-behaved biocontrol insects may have profound, negative indirect effects on native species. Research indicates that the larvae of gall fly insects introduced in the early 1970's to control the highly invasive exotic plants, spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa and C. diffusa), may have substantial undesired indirect effects because they have become an abundant winter food source for deer mice. Deer mice are the primary vectors for the Sin Nombre hantavirus, which results in high mortality when contracted by humans. Results indicate that predation on gall fly larvae increases deer mouse populations and causes deer mice to seasonally aggregate in high-density knapweed patches where the mice persist on large numbers of gall fly larvae during the fall, winter and spring. Seasonal aggregations and increases in population densities of deer mice may increase the prevalence of hantavirus on the landscape - especially in areas adjacent to humans where knapweed reaches high densities. Field experiments will be conducted to test the hypothesis that gall flies increase the prevalence of hantavirus. Rapid execution of this research is critical to developing management guidelines to reduce the risk of hantavirus infection for people living in urban interface and rural settings in the West where spotted knapweed occurs. Moreover, the proposed research has the potential to provide extensive insights into how important the overlooked indirect effects of biocontrols may be to natural ecosystems, thereby introducing and extensive area of new research opportunities in both the fields of biocontrol and indirect effects in ecology.

消费者在食物网中的间接影响在自然生态系统中是重要的，破坏自然食物网的后果有时是灾难性的。然而，我们的知识的间接影响还没有很好地融入入侵杂草生物防治理论和实践。世界各地已经引进了700多种非本地昆虫，期望它们对入侵杂草产生直接的负面影响，从而对本地物种产生间接的积极影响。然而，初步数据表明，即使是表现良好的生物防治昆虫也可能对本地物种产生深远的负面间接影响。研究表明，20世纪70年代初为控制外来入侵植物矢车菊（Centaurea maculosa）和矢车菊（C. diffusa），可能具有显著的不希望的间接影响，因为它们已经成为鹿鼠丰富的冬季食物来源。鹿鼠是Sin Nombre汉坦病毒的主要载体，该病毒在被人类感染时导致高死亡率。结果表明，捕食瘿蝇幼虫增加鹿鼠种群，并导致鹿鼠季节性聚集在高密度矢车菊补丁，小鼠坚持大量的瘿蝇幼虫在秋季，冬季和春季。鹿鼠的季节性聚集和种群密度的增加可能会增加汉坦病毒在景观中的流行-特别是在与人类相邻的地区，那里的矢车菊达到高密度。将进行田间试验，以检验瘿蝇增加汉坦病毒流行的假设。这项研究的快速执行是至关重要的，以制定管理指南，以减少汉坦病毒感染的风险，生活在城市界面和农村环境中的人在西方的斑点矢车菊发生。此外，拟议的研究有可能提供广泛的见解，如何被忽视的生物控制的间接影响可能是自然生态系统的重要性，从而在生物控制和生态学间接影响领域引入新的研究机会的广泛领域。