Lobbying and Issue-Definition

游说和问题定义

• 批准号: 0111224
• 负责人: Frank Baumgartner
• 金额: $ 23.59万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-01 至 2004-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0111224&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Lobbying; Issue; Definition

This research involves an extension and continuation of research begun with an earlier National Science Foundation award. In that project the investigators laid out a methodology for conducting interviews on a random sample of public policy issues and assessing the strategies and resources of lobbyists and other policy advocates as they attempt to influence the policy process. The researchers focused on the use of arguments and evidence in addition to the more standard variables of material resources. In the current project, the investigators complete documentation of 100 randomly selected cases of federal government policy debates. The analyses allow for the systematic comparison of advocacy efforts on a broad sample of issues in government. The researchers compare the dimensional structures of those issues, the lobbying and advocacy efforts of those involved, the degree to which government officials themselves are advocates along with those outside government, the impact of money and material resources on coalition formation and policy outcomes, the differences between highly visible and less-visible policy decisions, and the ability of advocates to affect policy outcomes through the use of arguments, targeted lobbying efforts, and other means. Further, they integrate with the research project the creation of a massive web site to serve other researchers and students. For each of the cases, not only do they collect a range of information from public and confidential sources but all of the public information they collect, including versions of legislation, public testimony, press releases by those involved, press coverage, and lobby spending reports, is released in a comprehensive web site for each issue. This allows other researchers access to a well-organized set of raw materials for all manner of subsequent analyses, as well as providing primary source material suitable for teaching courses on U.S. government, Congress, and public policy.The theoretic focus of this research is based on the ideas of rhetoric, heresthetics, and the related questions of decision-making for complex multidimensional issues. Policy advocates mastering the arts of heresthetics would be able to affect policy outcomes simply by focusing attention on new dimensions of issues or by otherwise altering the context in which policy choices are made. However, there are many constraints on these efforts, including the strategic efforts of policy advocates who disagree, institutional factors and other sources of stability in public advocacy. The researchers explore these questions of strategic redefinition of policy issues and stability in considerable detail, identifying specific hypotheses and showing how these can be systematically tested.This is a project that will allow numerous other scholars to use the dataset and do subsequent investigations to enhance substantially our understanding of the topic.

这项研究涉及到早期国家科学基金会奖开始的研究的延伸和继续。 在该项目中，调查人员制定了一种方法，用于对公共政策问题的随机样本进行访谈，并评估游说者和其他政策倡导者试图影响政策过程的策略和资源。 研究人员专注于使用的论点和证据，除了更标准的变量的物质资源。 在目前的项目中，调查人员完成了100个随机选择的联邦政府政策辩论案例的文件。 通过分析，可以系统地比较政府在广泛问题上的宣传努力。 研究人员比较了这些问题的维度结构，参与者的游说和宣传努力，政府官员本身与政府以外的人沿着倡导的程度，金钱和物质资源对联盟形成和政策结果的影响，高度可见和不太可见的政策决定之间的差异，以及倡导者通过使用论据、有针对性的游说努力和其他手段影响政策结果的能力。 此外，他们与研究项目相结合，建立了一个庞大的网站，为其他研究人员和学生服务。 对于每个案件，他们不仅从公共和机密来源收集一系列信息，而且他们收集的所有公共信息，包括立法版本、公开证词、相关人员的新闻稿、新闻报道和游说支出报告，都发布在每个问题的综合网站上。 这使得其他研究人员能够获得一套组织良好的原始材料，用于后续的各种分析，并提供适用于美国政府，国会和公共政策教学课程的主要原始材料。本研究的理论重点是基于修辞，异端的想法，以及复杂的多维问题的决策相关问题。 掌握异端艺术的政策倡导者将能够影响政策结果，只需将注意力集中在问题的新层面上，或以其他方式改变政策选择的背景。 然而，这些努力受到许多限制，包括持不同意见的政策倡导者的战略努力、体制因素和公共宣传的其他稳定来源。 研究人员将对政策问题和稳定性的战略性重新定义等问题进行详细探讨，确定具体的假设，并展示如何系统地检验这些假设。这一项目将使许多其他学者能够使用数据集并进行后续调查，从而大大增强我们对该主题的理解。