Doctoral Dissertation Research--Agencies on Trial: A New Model of Environmental Enforcement in Brazil?

自1988年宪法通过以来，巴西公共部的检察官已经成为环境机构的“监督者”，代表公众利益对忽视其执法职责的机构进行调查和诉讼。本研究旨在确定巴西是否出现了一种新的环境监管模式，能够遏制环境法的执行不力。提出了两个问题：(1)巴西环境机构和公共部在执行环境法的方法上有何不同？(2)巴西环境部的环境“监督”活动如何重塑了巴西环境机构的执法实践？这名研究人员将在巴西的圣保罗州和帕拉州进行为期9个月的实地研究，使用人种学和定量数据收集方法。本研究为三个学术文献做出了贡献：关于比较监管制度的社会法学和政治学文献；关于发展中国家国家能力的社会学文献以及巴西法律制度民主化方面的奖学金。

Since the passage of the 1988 Constitution, the prosecutors of the Brazilian Public Ministry have become the "watchdogs" of environmental agencies, bringing investigations and lawsuits on behalf of the public interest against agencies that neglect their enforcement duties. This research seeks to determine whether a new model of environmental regulation has emerged in Brazil capable of stemming the under-enforcement of environmental laws. Two questions are asked: (1) How do Brazilian environmental agencies and the Public Ministry differ in their approaches to the enforcement of environmental law? and (2) How have the enforcement practices of Brazilian environmental agencies been reshaped by the Public Ministry's environmental "watchdog" activities? The researcher will conduct nine months of field research in two Brazilian states, Sao Paulo and Para, using ethnographic and quantitative data collection methods. The research contributes to three academic literatures: the sociolegal and political science literature on comparative regulatory institutions; the sociological literature on state capacity in developing countries; and scholarship on the democratization of Brazilian legal institutions.