Doctoral Dissertation Research--Agencies on Trial: A New Model of Environmental Enforcement in Brazil?

自1988年《宪法》通过以来，巴西公安部检察官已成为环境机构的“监督者”，代表公众利益对忽视执法职责的机构提起调查和诉讼。这项研究试图确定巴西是否出现了一种新的环境监管模式，能够遏制环境法执行不足的现象。提出了两个问题：(1)巴西环境机构和公安部在执行环境法方面有何不同？以及(2)公共部门的环境“监督”活动如何重塑了巴西环境机构的执法做法？这位研究人员将使用人种学和定量数据收集方法，在巴西的两个州--圣保罗和帕拉州进行为期9个月的实地研究。这项研究形成了三篇学术文献：关于比较监管机构的社会法学和政治学文献；关于发展中国家国家能力的社会学文献；关于巴西法律机构民主化的学术文献。

Since the passage of the 1988 Constitution, the prosecutors of the Brazilian Public Ministry have become the "watchdogs" of environmental agencies, bringing investigations and lawsuits on behalf of the public interest against agencies that neglect their enforcement duties. This research seeks to determine whether a new model of environmental regulation has emerged in Brazil capable of stemming the under-enforcement of environmental laws. Two questions are asked: (1) How do Brazilian environmental agencies and the Public Ministry differ in their approaches to the enforcement of environmental law? and (2) How have the enforcement practices of Brazilian environmental agencies been reshaped by the Public Ministry's environmental "watchdog" activities? The researcher will conduct nine months of field research in two Brazilian states, Sao Paulo and Para, using ethnographic and quantitative data collection methods. The research contributes to three academic literatures: the sociolegal and political science literature on comparative regulatory institutions; the sociological literature on state capacity in developing countries; and scholarship on the democratization of Brazilian legal institutions.