Doctoral Dissertation Research--Agencies on Trial: A New Model of Environmental Enforcement in Brazil?

博士论文研究——审判机构：巴西环境执法的新模式？

• 批准号: 0111700
• 负责人: Robert Kagan
• 金额: $ 2.01万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-15 至 2003-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0111700&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Agencies; Trial

Since the passage of the 1988 Constitution, the prosecutors of the Brazilian Public Ministry have become the "watchdogs" of environmental agencies, bringing investigations and lawsuits on behalf of the public interest against agencies that neglect their enforcement duties. This research seeks to determine whether a new model of environmental regulation has emerged in Brazil capable of stemming the under-enforcement of environmental laws. Two questions are asked: (1) How do Brazilian environmental agencies and the Public Ministry differ in their approaches to the enforcement of environmental law? and (2) How have the enforcement practices of Brazilian environmental agencies been reshaped by the Public Ministry's environmental "watchdog" activities? The researcher will conduct nine months of field research in two Brazilian states, Sao Paulo and Para, using ethnographic and quantitative data collection methods. The research contributes to three academic literatures: the sociolegal and political science literature on comparative regulatory institutions; the sociological literature on state capacity in developing countries; and scholarship on the democratization of Brazilian legal institutions.

自1988年《宪法》通过以来，巴西公共事务部的检察官已成为环境机构的“监察员”，代表公共利益对忽视其执法职责的机构进行调查和提起诉讼。这项研究旨在确定巴西是否出现了一种新的环境监管模式，能够遏制环境法执行不力的情况。提出了两个问题：（1）巴西环境机构和公共部在执行环境法的方法上有何不同？以及（2）公共部的环境“监督”活动如何改变了巴西环境机构的执法做法？研究人员将在巴西的两个州，圣保罗和帕拉进行为期九个月的实地研究，使用人种学和定量数据收集方法。这项研究为三个学术文献作出了贡献：关于比较监管机构的社会法律和政治学文献;关于发展中国家国家能力的社会学文献;关于巴西法律的机构民主化的学术研究。