COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Vicarious Shame and Guilt: Antecedents and Consequences

合作研究：替代羞耻和内疚：前因和后果

• 批准号: 0112427
• 负责人: Toni Schmader
• 金额: $ 16.79万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0112427&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Vicarious; Shame; Guilt

A growing body of research has identified the important role of shame and guilt in regulating human social behavior. Past research has discovered that shame and guilt are often evoked by similar circumstances, yet these emotions are clearly distinct. For example, whereas guilt appears to facilitate smoother social interactions and psychological adjustment, shame prompts feelings of self-consciousness and a desire to withdraw from social encounters. Although existing research on shame and guilt has focused on the experience of these emotions as it occurs after people have committed a blameworthy action themselves, almost no research has examined factors that predict when people experience shame or guilt for actions carried out by other individuals. The proposed research will test a model of vicarious shame and guilt that integrates current understandings of self-conscious emotion with theoretical perspectives on social associations to predict what types of associations make individuals susceptible to vicarious shame versus guilt for the actions of others. The perceived essentiality of one's association to a wrongdoer is predicted to intensify reactions of vicarious shame and distancing responses, whereas one's level of interpersonal interdependence with a wrongdoer is predicted to intensify reactions of vicarious guilt and efforts to repair any damage done to a victim. A series of 14 experiments will manipulate the type of association participants have to an individual who commits a wrongdoing and examine the effects of these manipulations on participants' self-reported emotional reactions and cognitive appraisals, as well as their behavioral responses to both the wrongdoer and the victim. Because shame and guilt evoke such different behavioral reactions to events, the proposed research on vicarious shame and guilt promises to yield insights important for theories of intergroup and interpersonal behavior, as well as for theories of emotion.

越来越多的研究确认了羞耻和内疚在调节人类社会行为方面的重要作用。过去的研究发现，羞愧和内疚通常是由相似的环境引起的，但这些情绪显然是截然不同的。例如，虽然内疚似乎促进了更顺畅的社交和心理调整，但羞耻感会促使人们产生自我意识和从社交中退缩的愿望。虽然现有的关于羞耻和内疚的研究主要集中在人们在自己做出了应该受到指责的行为后，这些情绪的体验上，但几乎没有研究考察了预测人们何时会因为其他人的行为而感到羞愧或内疚的因素。这项拟议的研究将测试代替性羞愧和内疚模型，该模型将当前对自我意识情绪的理解与社会联想的理论观点相结合，以预测哪些类型的关联使个人更容易受到代替性羞愧和对他人行为的内疚。一个人与作恶者交往的重要性预计会加剧替代羞愧和疏远反应，而一个人与作恶者之间的相互依赖程度预计会加剧替代负罪感的反应，并努力修复对受害者造成的任何伤害。一系列14个实验将操纵参与者与做错事的个人的联系类型，并检查这些操纵对参与者自我报告的情绪反应和认知评估的影响，以及他们对违法者和受害者的行为反应。由于羞耻和内疚会引起对事件的不同行为反应，因此，对替代羞耻和内疚的研究有望为群体间和人际行为理论以及情绪理论带来重要的见解。