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Dissertation Research: STS: Necessary Uncertainty: The Scientific Controversy over Fallout Hazards in the United States, 1954-1963

论文研究：STS：必要的不确定性：1954-1963 年美国放射性尘埃危害的科学争议

基本信息

批准号：
0115811
负责人：
Mary Jo Nye
金额：
$ 0.8万
依托单位：
Oregon State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2001-08-01 至 2003-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0115811&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research STS Necessary Uncertainty

项目摘要

This dissertation research project examines how scientists involved in the debate over fallout hazards managed the necessary uncertainties in the scientific, ideological, and ethical issues of the controversy. Political and public demands for a resolution to the debate over fallout hazards placed scientists in an uncomfortable position. They were asked questions for which they had no conclusive answers then or in the foreseeable future. Scientific research on fallout hazards rested on incomplete and inconclusive data. The multitude of disciplinary and institutional affiliations of the scientists involved exacerbated uncertainties in the interpretation of the data by introducing numerous different conceptual and experimental approaches. The start-to-finish public nature of the debate added to the uncertainties that confronted fallout scientists. The "politicalization" of many scientists after World War 11, as well as the impact of atomic energy on American culture and foreign policy, gave rise to debate over the proper role of the scientist in society. Scientists differed not only in their scientific interpretation of the data, but also in their opinions on how and to whom their interpretations should be communicated. The fallout controversy was a prototype of future controversies over environmental and health hazards such as nuclear power and global warming. Support for this project will fund trips to examine key scientific papers and archival documents related to them.

本论文研究项目探讨了如何参与辩论的科学家在沉降物的危害管理必要的不确定性，在科学，意识形态和伦理问题的争议。政治和公众要求解决关于沉降物危害的辩论，这使科学家处于一种令人不安的境地。他们被问到的问题，他们当时或在可预见的未来都没有结论性的答案。关于沉降物危害的科学研究建立在不完整和不确定的数据基础上。所涉科学家的学科和机构隶属关系众多，引入了许多不同的概念和实验方法，加剧了数据解释的不确定性。这场辩论从头到尾的公开性质增加了沉降物科学家面临的不确定性。第11次世界大战后许多科学家的“政治化”，以及原子能对美国文化和外交政策的影响，引发了关于科学家在社会中的适当角色的辩论。科学家们不仅在对数据的科学解释方面存在分歧，而且在如何以及向谁传达他们的解释方面也存在分歧。放射性尘埃的争议是未来关于环境和健康危害（如核能和全球变暖）的争议的原型。对这一项目的支持将资助考察关键科学论文和与之相关的档案文件的旅行。