STS: Citizen Science in Ornithology: The Co-production of Knowledge by Scientists and Lay People

STS：鸟类学中的公民科学：科学家和外行人共同生产知识

• 批准号: 0116814
• 负责人: Bruce Lewenstein
• 金额: $ 1.4万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0116814&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STS; Citizen; Science; Ornithology; Co

SES 0116814Bruce Lewenstein, Cornell UniversityThe Co-Production Of Knowledge By Scientists And Lay People : The "Citizen Science" Approach In Ornithology The proposed study utilizes qualitative methods (ethnography, semiotics, discourse-analysis, and cross-national comparison) to examine an innovative "Citizen Science" program developed by the Cornell University Lab of Ornithology (CLO) and its counterpart in France. The Citizen Science program enrolls volunteers from the general public into field surveys and other scientific research projects. This program is interesting from a sociological point of view because it integrates in a single project people with different skills, scientific backgrounds, and interests into a coherent research program on a continent-wide (in North America) or national (in France) level. These programs provide a unique opportunity for observing change in the way scientific communities incorporate more and more lay experts to produce knowledge; our analysis encompasses a large network of non-scientists (15,000 participants in the United States and Canada; in the French case, a different form of network defies enumeration) and a sophisticated process for concentrating data in a single center of calculation. It also exemplifies a form of hands-on science education that differs fundamentally from the more traditional forms of one- way communication from experts to novices. The Principal Investigator and a French collaborator develop their existing involvement in the CLO and in ornithology in France into a systematic analysis exploring definitions of "scientist," "citizen," and "participation" revealed by the projects, which also allows for an international comparison. The CNRS is supporting the efforts of the French co-PI.This study's objectives are: (1 identification and description of emergent forms of lay-professional collaboration that are not covered by standard models in public understanding of science; (2) description of the "natural history of data" transformations in the form, personal significance, and scientific value of data collected by lay participants in field surveys and relayed to a research laboratory; and (3) analysis of written, electronic, and face-to-face communications between lay and professional participants in Citizen Science projects to assess the way the process of intersubjectivity, which is instrumental for groups to identify themselves, is created by the tools of action at a distance used by laboratories like the CLO and similar projects in France. Findings from the research have intellectual value for the interdisciplinary field of science and technology studies (S&TS), including the particular area of public understanding of science. The study's findings also have significant importance for science education, because they identify strategies, problems, and dilemmas associated with projects that involve schools and other lay organizations in actual research projects.

SES 0116814布鲁斯·莱文斯坦，康奈尔大学科学家和外行人共同生产知识：鸟类学中的“公民科学”方法拟议的研究利用定性方法（民族志、符号学、话语分析和跨国比较）来检验康奈尔大学鸟类学实验室（CLO）及其法国同行开发的创新“公民科学”计划。 公民科学计划招募公众志愿者参与实地调查和其他科学研究项目。从社会学的角度来看，这个项目很有趣，因为它将具有不同技能、科学背景和兴趣的人们整合到一个项目中，形成整个大陆（北美）或国家（法国）层面的连贯研究项目。这些计划提供了一个独特的机会来观察科学界吸收越来越多的外行专家来产生知识的方式的变化；我们的分析涵盖了一个庞大的非科学家网络（美国和加拿大有 15,000 名参与者；在法国的案例中，不同形式的网络无法枚举）以及将数据集中在单个计算中心的复杂过程。它还体现了一种实践科学教育的形式，这种形式与从专家到新手的单向交流的传统形式有着根本的不同。 首席研究员和一位法国合作者将他们在法国 CLO 和鸟类学方面的现有参与发展为系统分析，探索项目所揭示的“科学家”、“公民”和“参与”的定义，这也允许进行国际比较。 CNRS 支持法国联合首席研究员的工作。这项研究的目标是：（1 识别和描述公众理解科学的标准模型中未涵盖的非专业专业合作的新兴形式；（2）描述非专业参与者在实地调查中收集并转发到研究实验室的数据的形式、个人意义和科学价值方面的“数据自然史”转变；（3）分析书面、电子和 公民科学项目的非专业参与者和专业参与者之间进行面对面的交流，以评估主体间性过程的方式，这有助于群体识别自己，这是由 CLO 等实验室和法国类似项目使用的远距离行动工具创建的。 研究结果对于科学技术研究 (S&TS) 的跨学科领域具有知识价值，包括公众对科学理解的特定领域。 该研究的结果对于科学也具有重要意义 教育，因为它们确定了与涉及学校和其他非专业组织参与实际研究项目的项目相关的策略、问题和困境。