Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Political Power Of Galindo Elites

博士论文改进补助金：加林多精英的政治力量

• 批准号: 0120114
• 负责人: Garth Bawden
• 金额: $ 1.15万
• 依托单位: University of New Mexico
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-10-15 至 2003-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0120114&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Political

Under the direction of Dr. Garth Bawden, Mr. Gregory Lockard will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. Through archaeological excavation at the site of Galindo, located in the Moche Valley of northern coastal Peru, he will examine the processes which gave rise to the Chimu Empire. This, the largest coastal polity in South American prehistory encompassed, at its height two-thirds of all irrigated land along the Pacific desert coast. The empire was ruled by a small group of powerful elites who resided in the capital city of Chan Chan, also located in the Moche Valley. Chan Chan was founded ca. AD 1000 and over the next four and a half centuries Chan Chan elites directed the conquest of over 1000 km of Pacific coastline. Their power and territorial ambitions came to an end only after a long and bitter war with the Inka, who finally prevailed and conquered the Chimu Empire ca AD 1470. Archaeological evidence and ethnohistoric documents have revealed much concerning the political power of Chimu elites. The origins of this power however must be sought earlier and because Chimu elites emerged at Chan Chan in the Moche Valley, this area holds the key to understanding this development. Through excavation at Galindo, which was occupied immediately before and was a direct precursor to the Chimu, Mr. Lockard hopes to gain insight into this process. The site itself covers an area of approximately four square kilometers and a combination of physical and cultural features (walls and ditches) divide the site into at least six distinct zones. Survey of the site by Mr. Lockard has shown that architectural remains within each of these zones are relatively homogeneous and functionally differentiated from those of other areas of the site. Based on the method and quality of construction, surface area and artifactual content, they can be divided into low, moderate and high status residences and thus demonstrate that a hierarchical social structure existed at this time. Through a program of mapping and careful excavation to collect faunal and botanical remains, Mr. Lockard plans to reconstruct the Galindo social organization. It is quite likely that elites, at least in part, exercised power through the control of scarce goods and analysis of how food remains as well as other valuable materials are distributed should provide insight into this system. This research is important for several reasons. Complex societies arose independently in many parts of the world and through multiple case comparison it is possible to determine the controlling factors which underlie this development. Prehistoric Peru provides one example and Mr. Lockard's work will help to fill a major gap. The data he collects will be of interest to many archaeologists and the project will help to train a promising young scientist.

在Garth Bawden博士的指导下，Gregory Lockard先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。通过对位于秘鲁北方沿海莫切山谷的加林多遗址的考古发掘，他将研究奇穆帝国的兴起过程。这是南美史前最大的沿海政体，在鼎盛时期，它占据了太平洋沙漠沿岸沿着三分之二的灌溉土地。帝国由一小群强大的精英统治，他们居住在首都Chan Chan，也位于莫切山谷。Chan Chan成立于1999年。公元1000年，在接下来的四个半世纪里，Chan Chan的精英们指挥征服了超过1000公里的太平洋海岸线。他们的权力和领土野心在与印加人进行了漫长而痛苦的战争后才结束，印加人最终在公元1470年战胜并征服了奇穆帝国。考古证据和民族历史文件揭示了许多有关奇穆精英政治权力的信息。然而，这种力量的起源必须在更早的时候寻找，因为奇穆精英出现在莫切山谷的Chan Chan，这个地区是理解这种发展的关键。通过对加林多的挖掘，洛卡德先生希望能深入了解这一过程。加林多是奇穆人的直接前身。遗址本身占地约4平方公里，结合自然和文化特征（墙壁和沟渠）将遗址划分为至少六个不同的区域。Lockard先生对遗址的调查表明，这些区域内的建筑遗迹相对同质，功能上与遗址其他区域的建筑遗迹不同。根据建筑的方法和质量，表面面积和人造内容，它们可以分为低，中等和高地位的住宅，从而表明当时存在着等级社会结构。通过测绘和仔细挖掘收集动植物遗骸的计划，洛克德先生计划重建加林多的社会组织。很可能，精英们（至少部分地）通过控制稀缺商品来行使权力，并分析食物以及其他有价值的材料是如何分配的，这应该能让我们深入了解这一体系。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。复杂社会在世界许多地方独立出现，通过多个案例的比较，可以确定这种发展背后的控制因素。史前时期的秘鲁就是一个例子，洛克德先生的工作将有助于填补一个主要空白。他收集的数据将引起许多考古学家的兴趣，该项目将有助于培养一名有前途的年轻科学家。