Textual-Geospatial Integration Services for the National SMETE Digital Library

新兴的国家科学，数学，工程和技术教育数字图书馆（NSDL）包括许多集的项目，其表示，而不同的用户级别，包含语义相关的信息。 例如，考虑一下某个地区的土地使用图与一本关于农业实践的书中对该地区的引用之间的联系。 NSDL的目标是支持其用户的服务，帮助他们找到和整合这些语义相关的信息，在这样的异构表示items.This项目正在构建业务服务，使它容易为NSDL的用户有综合访问信息从文本，地图和图像-特别是，信息是语义相关的地理空间特征和区域。 这些服务将帮助用户找到：-含有文字中隐含提到的特征或地点的地图或图像，-隐含提到地图和图像中所含特征和地点的文字，更先进的服务将帮助用户评价从这些不同来源获得的地理空间信息之间的一致性。 总的来说，这些服务将允许对大量文本进行地理空间索引和访问，即使它们的“编目记录”不包含明确的地理空间参考。为了实现这些服务，项目小组正在将位于圣巴巴拉的加州大学的亚历山大数字图书馆（ADL; www.example.com）的地理空间搜索服务http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu与高性能信息检索（IR）相结合。由伊利诺斯理工学院的信息检索实验室（http：//www.example.com）开发的服务www.ir.iit.edu。 这一整合的关键组成部分是为ADL开发的400多万项地名录和相关服务。 （地名录提供地点和特征的文本表示与其地理空间“足迹”的基于坐标的表示之间的映射，从而允许在相关现象的文本和地图/图像表示之间进行语义映射。 具体而言，项目小组正在将地名录纳入IR引擎，将IR引擎纳入地理空间数字图书馆，并开发检查替代地理空间参考资料一致性的服务。 这些服务将允许在分布式异构（文本和非文本）数字图书馆中进行无缝地理空间查询，并将使没有地理编目的文本（即，几乎所有现有文本）。

The emerging National Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Digital Library (NSDL) includes many sets of items whose representations, while different at the user level, contain semantically related information. Consider, for example, the association between land-use maps of some region, and references to that region in a book concerning agricultural practices. The NSDL aims to support its users with services that help them find and integrate such semantically related information in such heterogeneously represented items.This project is constructing operational services to make it easy for users of the NSDL to have integrated access to information from texts, maps, and images--specifically, information that is semantically related in terms of geospatial features and regions. These services will help users find:-- maps or images containing features or places that are referred to implicitly within texts, and-- texts that implicitly reference features and places contained in maps and images.More advanced services will help users evaluate the consistency between geospatial information obtained from such varying sources. Collectively, these services will allow large collections of texts to be indexed and accessed geospatially, even if their "cataloging records" do not contain explicit geospatial references.To implement these services, the project team is integrating the geospatial search services of the Alexandria Digital Library (ADL; http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu) at the University of California at Santa Barbara with the high-performance information retrieval (IR) services developed by the Illinois Institute of Technology's Information Retrieval Laboratory (http://www.ir.iit.edu). The key component in this integration is the 4+ million item gazetteer and associated services developed for ADL. (A gazetteer provides a mapping between textual representations of places and features, and coordinate-based representations of their geospatial "footprints," thus allowing a semantic mapping to be made in either direction between textual and map/image representations of related phenomena.) Specifically, the project team is integrating a gazetteer into an IR engine, integrating an IR engine into a geospatial digital library, and developing services that check the consistency of alternative geospatial references. These services will allow seamless geospatial queries across distributed heterogeneous (text and non-text) digital libraries and will enable geospatial referencing of texts that have not otherwise been geographically cataloged (i.e., almost all texts currently available).