Minority Postdoctoral Research Fellowships and Supporting Activities: NSF Minority Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship Starter Grant

这个启动补助金是2：1匹配（机构：NSF）的启动设备成本的研究人员谁已经完成了两年的NSF博士后奖学金，现在有一个终身职位在旧金山弗朗西斯科州立大学。设备成本支持的分析，如何社会分裂，其特点是种族，阶级和经济不平等，与空间不平等的污染暴露和相关的健康风险。这项研究将探讨种族和经济隔离如何与不同社区之间暴露于环境危害和相关健康影响的差异有关的问题，以及以高度隔离和社会经济不平等为特征的社区是否总体上经历了更高水平的环境健康风险。这些问题将在区域和州两级进行审查，使用洛杉矶空气盆地和加州作为分析的地理区域。在加州进行的这项研究的结果将对公共卫生干预措施的制定以及社区和经济发展的政策倡议产生影响。（如种族、阶级和收入隔离、快速的人口变化和经济不平等指标，如基尼系数）将使用1990年和2000年美国人口普查的变量得出。使用传统的环境健康风险评估方法，通过将建模的空气有毒物质浓度估计值与癌症和非癌症毒性信息相结合，计算空气有毒物质暴露和健康风险指标。将使用多变量回归分析来评估环境健康风险（因变量）与社会分层指标（自变量）之间的关系，同时控制人口密度、土地使用、政治权力和公民参与等重要协变量。此外，还将建立一个理论框架，以了解不平等如何减少社会资本和社会凝聚力，从而增加社区对环境危害和污染的脆弱性。

This starter-grant is for 2:1 matching (institutional:NSF) for start up equipment costs for a researcher who has completed two years of an NSF post-doctoral fellowship and now has a tenure-track position at San Francisco State University. The equipment costs support an analysis of how social fragmentation, characterized by racial, class, and economic inequality, are related to spatial inequalities in pollution exposures and associated health risks. The research will address the question of how racial and economic segregation relate to disparities in exposures to environmental hazards and associated health impacts among diverse communities and whether communities characterized by high levels of segregation and socioeconomic inequality experience higher levels of environmental health risks overall. These questions will be examined at both the regional and state levels, using the Los Angeles Air Basin and California as a geographic area of analysis. Study results from this research in California will have implications for the development of public health interventions and policy initiatives for community and economic development.Indices of social and racial stratification (such as race, class, and income segregation, rapid demographic change and indicators of economic inequality, such as the Gini coefficient) for regions and counties in California will be derived using variables from the 1990 and 2000 US Census. Using conventional environmental health risk assessment methods, air toxics exposures and health risks indicators will be calculated by combining modeled air toxics concentration estimates with cancer and non-cancer toxicity information. Multivariate regression analysis will be used to assess the relationship between environmental health risks (dependent variables) and social stratification indicators (independent variables) while controlling for important covariates such as population density, land use, political power and civic participation. Furthermore, a theoretical framework will be developed for understanding how inequality diminishes social capital and social cohesion which in turn can increase community vulnerability to the placement of environmental hazards and exposures to pollution.