Collaborative Research Grant - Toxic Ignorance and the New Right-to-Know:The Implications of Biomonitoring for Regulatory Science

合作研究补助金 - 有毒无知和新的知情权：生物监测对监管科学的影响

• 批准号: 0822724
• 负责人: Rachel Morello-Frosch
• 金额: $ 36.68万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0822724&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Grant; Toxic; Ignorance

This project, funded by the Science, Technology, and Society Program, examines how biomonitoring technology is reshaping stakeholder struggles over the future of regulatory science that governments use to regulate chemicals. Specifically, the researchers analyze the regulatory, policy, industry, scientific, and legal implications of chemical biomonitoring research in the United States, due to its proliferation in the government, academic and environmental health advocacy arenas. "Civic epistemology" is used as the theoretical foundation for elucidating how knowledge claims regarding biomonitoring are made and contested through regulatory science processes and institutions. Research relies on data generated by interviews, participant observations, media and document analysis, and investigates the following themes: 1) the impacts of biomonitoring research on regulatory science and knowledge production in environmental health policy; 2) whether and how stakeholders (communities, industry, scientists, consumers, and environmental advocacy organizations) engage in debates about the potential and pitfalls of biomonitoring that may re-shape the landscape of regulatory decision-making and environmental policy; 3) whether and how industry has responded to biomonitoring evidence to change its production, through strategies such as product substitution and toxics use reduction; and 4) whether and how biomonitoring may be changing the evidence and standards of proof used in toxic tort cases.Biomonitoring could potentially shift the scientific, regulatory, and public gaze in ways that will transform knowledge production in the environmental health sciences. This project aids sociology and science and technology studies to examine how political context shapes civic epistemologies about the impact of chemical body burdens on community environmental health. It also provides a vehicle to explore knowledge production under conditions of novel uncertainty, at the intersection of social movements, science, political economy, and public policy. Civic epistemology theory remains underdeveloped, particularly in terms of how regulatory science intersects with community movements, policy-making, legal systems, and corporations. This project helps fill this gap by investigating how biomonitoring debates can reshape these other domains. This project is directly relevant to a broad range of critical policy and regulatory issues, including public health screening and surveillance, community right-to-know, toxic tort litigation, environmental justice claims, chemicals policy, public oversight of industrial production, and regulatory science. The interdisciplinarity of the research team will ensure that the project generates new conceptual and empirical resources for improving regulatory science and environmental health policy, specifically in chemical risk assessment, standard-setting and the treatment of scientific uncertainty, and in the development of new, deliberative, and publicly engaged regulatory regimes and forms of scientific knowledge production.

该项目由科学、技术和社会计划资助，研究生物监测技术如何重塑利益相关者对政府用于监管化学品的监管科学未来的斗争。具体而言，研究人员分析了化学生物监测研究在美国的监管、政策、工业、科学和法律方面的影响，因为它在政府、学术和环境健康倡导领域的扩散。“公民认识论”被用作解释关于生物监测的知识主张如何通过监管科学过程和机构产生和争议的理论基础。研究依赖于访谈、参与者观察、媒体和文件分析产生的数据，并调查以下主题：1)生物监测研究对环境卫生政策中的监管科学和知识生产的影响；2)利益相关者（社区、行业、科学家、消费者和环境倡导组织）是否以及如何参与关于生物监测的潜力和陷阱的辩论，这可能会重塑监管决策和环境政策的格局；3)工业是否以及如何响应生物监测证据，通过产品替代和减少有毒物质使用等策略改变其生产；4)生物监测是否以及如何改变有毒侵权案件中使用的证据和证明标准。生物监测可能潜在地改变科学、监管和公众的视线，从而改变环境卫生科学的知识生产。该项目有助于社会学和科学技术研究，以审查政治背景如何影响公民关于化学身体负担对社区环境健康影响的认识论。它还提供了一种工具来探索在新的不确定性条件下的知识生产，在社会运动、科学、政治经济和公共政策的交叉点。公民认识论理论仍然不发达，特别是在监管科学如何与社区运动、政策制定、法律制度和公司交叉方面。这个项目通过研究生物监测辩论如何重塑这些其他领域来帮助填补这一空白。该项目直接关系到广泛的关键政策和监管问题，包括公共健康筛查和监督、社区知情权、有毒侵权诉讼、环境司法索赔、化学品政策、工业生产的公众监督和监管科学。研究小组的跨学科性将确保该项目产生新的概念和经验资源，以改进管制科学和环境卫生政策，特别是在化学品风险评估、标准制定和处理科学不确定性方面，以及在制定新的、审议性的和公众参与的管制制度和科学知识生产形式方面。