Phylogeny of Physid Snails (Basommatophora: Physidae) and Evolution of Reproductive Isolation

鮨螺（Basommatophora：Physidae）的系统发育和生殖隔离的进化

• 批准号: 0128964
• 负责人: Phillip Harris
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-01 至 2006-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0128964&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogeny; Physid; Snails; Basommatophora; Physidae

The Physidae (Gastropoda: Basommatophora) is a group of freshwater snails with a native distribution in North, Middle, and South America, and Eurasia, but reach their greatest diversity in North America. The family constitutes a major component of the freshwater molluscan fauna in many lake, pond, and stream habitats. Despite the prominence of physids in behavioral, physiological and ecological studies, little is know of the phylogenetic relationships among the taxa. Furthermore, many questions remain as to whether many of the currently recognized species, subspecies, and "morphs" constitute valid evolutionary entities. Despite nearly 200 years of taxonomic and systematics studies, no rigorous study has been done employing modern methods and analyses. The purpose of the NSF-sponsored research is to collect physid snail specimens representing recognized species, subspecies, and "morphs" to estimate an evolutionary "tree" using on mitochondrial and nuclear gene DNA sequences and shell and anatomical data. In addition, the principal investigators will examine whether the family Physidae constitutes a natural assemblage of snails, being more closely related to each other than to any other group of snails. Although estimating a phylogeny for the ecologically important Physidae is important for its own sake, the resultant evolutionary "tree" will be used in conjunction with a modern, analytically based view of species to test whether currently recognized groups constitute valid species. At a time when species inventories are being made to discover hotspots and prioritize areas for various protection measures, it is imperative that recognized species correspond with phylogenetic species. Furthermore, the researchers will examine the evolution of reproductive isolation among selected physid species by conducting a series of controlled experiments in the laboratory.This research will provide a robust evolutionary "tree" and modern classification of the snail family Physidae. In addition, an empirical examination of species issues in physids will provide important data for estimating how many species actually exist within the family. These data will be of considerable use to conservation and evolutionary biologists as well to federal and state wildlife agency personnel.

腹足纲（Gastropoda）：基螺（Basommatophora）是一组淡水蜗牛，原产于北美洲、中美洲、南美洲和欧亚大陆，但在北美洲达到最大的多样性。 该科构成了许多湖泊、池塘和溪流栖息地的淡水软体动物区系的主要组成部分。 尽管在行为，生理和生态学研究中的突出phyids，知之甚少的类群之间的系统发育关系。 此外，许多问题仍然存在，许多目前公认的物种，亚种和“变形”构成有效的进化实体。 尽管近200年的分类学和系统学研究，没有严格的研究已经做了现代方法和分析。 NSF赞助的研究的目的是收集代表公认物种，亚种和“变种”的physid蜗牛标本，以利用线粒体和核基因DNA序列以及外壳和解剖数据来估计进化“树”。 此外，主要研究人员将研究Physidae家族是否构成蜗牛的自然组合，彼此之间的关系比任何其他蜗牛群更密切。虽然估计的生态重要的Physidae的进化是重要的，为自己的缘故，由此产生的进化“树”将被用于结合一个现代的，基于分析的物种的观点，以测试目前公认的群体是否构成有效的物种。 在进行物种清查以发现热点和优先考虑各种保护措施的地区时，当务之急是使已确认的物种与系统发育物种相对应。 此外，研究人员将在实验室进行一系列对照实验，研究选定的physid物种之间生殖隔离的进化。这项研究将提供一个强大的进化“树”和Physidae家族的现代分类。 此外，在physids物种问题的实证研究将提供重要的数据，估计有多少物种实际上存在于家庭。 这些数据将对保护和进化生物学家以及联邦和州野生动物机构的工作人员有相当大的用处。