Social Stigma vs. Situational Status in Dyadic Interactions

这项计划补助金的目的是启动一项研究计划，研究情境地位定义角色对群体间二元互动的认知，情感和行为动力学的影响。具体而言，本研究探讨了情境状态如何影响传统上被污名化的群体（非裔美国人和妇女在工作场所的情况下）的成员之间的二元互动，和传统上非污名化的群体（白色美国人和男性）的成员。三种不同的二元类型从情境和社会文化地位的组合中出现：地位一致，地位颠倒和平等地位。这些研究提供了一个初步的尝试，这三个二元类型的一个重要的动态群体间关系的影响：群体间的态度。先前的研究和理论对这些二元类型如何影响主导群体成员对污名化外群体的态度做出了相互矛盾的预测。本研究探讨是否明确认可的态度温和的二元类型的影响，并可能，因此，解决目前的文献中的差异。非言语行为相关的影响，地位一致，平等地位，地位颠倒的互动自动的态度也进行了调查。这些规划活动预计将启动一个研究计划，调查结构因素（如互动角色）和动机因素（如互动目标）对群体间二元互动的多种动态的影响。这些发现将有助于我们理解群体间冲突，并阐明当前减少偏见的方法中的陷阱。

The purpose of this planning grant is to initiate a program of research examining the influence of situational status-defining roles on cognitive, affective, and behavioral dynamics of intergroup dyadic interactions. Specifically, this research explores how situational status impacts dyadic interactions between members of traditionally stigmatized groups (African Americans and women in workplace contexts), and members of traditionally nonstigmatized groups (White Americans and men). Three distinct dyadic types emerge from combinations of situational and socio-cultural status: status-congruent, status-reversed, and equal-status. The studies provide an initial foray into the impact of these three dyadic types on an important dynamic of intergroup relations: intergroup attitudes. Previous research and theory make conflicting predictions about how these dyadic types affect the attitudes of members of dominant groups regarding the stigmatized outgroup. The research examines whether explicitly endorsed attitudes moderate the effects of dyadic type, and possibly, therefore, resolve current discrepancies in the literature. Nonverbal behavioral correlates of the effects of status-congruent, equal-status, and status-reversed interactions on automatic attitudes are also investigated. These planning activities are expected to launch a program of research, investigating the influences of structural factors (such as interaction roles) and motivational factors (such as interaction goals) on multiple dynamics of intergroup dyadic interactions. The findings will help our understanding of intergroup conflict, as well as elucidate pitfalls in current approaches to prejudice reduction.