New Immigrants: Science & Engineering in the United States

项目摘要SES 0136467新移民：美国的科学工程学罗利瓦尔玛公共管理学院，新墨西哥州，阿尔伯克基关于新移民的争论，或来自非欧洲来源的移民，科学家/工程师到美国的争论集中在新移民从美国公民手中抢走高技能工作的程度上，或者高科技公司是否解雇本地工人来雇佣外国人以实现利润最大化。近年来，一些学者关注到科学和工程领域的新移民存在着阻碍职业向上流动的“玻璃天花板”。大多数研究还没有探索与新移民在S E职业中的存在和经历相关的复杂性/矛盾。本项目是对来自印度的外国出生的科学家/工程师在美国的情况和经历的定性定量研究。它侧重于他们在专业上取得成功的程度和/或面临的制度障碍，在社会经济组织中的奖励，认可和晋升。 关注来自印度的外国出生的科学家/工程师有很多原因。 首先，他们越来越多地出现在美国的S E劳动力中。 其次，关于印度科学家/工程师在美国的经历和影响的学术研究很少。 第三，与美国其他少数民族相比，外国出生的印度人在教育和就业方面取得了巨大进步。第四，印度科学家/工程师对权威和决策职位缺乏流动性的许多文化论点（如职业偏好和语言能力）并不明确。 第五，许多结构性的论点，如种族偏见，可能会忽视其他因素，如存在的“好老男孩”网络在S E组织。研究方法包括深入访谈，以获得有关主题的原始数据;收集定量数据;检查相关文献。注意力集中在两组科目：外国出生的印度人持有硕士和博士学位，在S E学科和他们的美国同事，系主任和经理。 受试者来自两个工业实验室，两个国家实验室和三个学术机构。该项目的研究结果有助于阐明印度科学家/工程师未来的潜在贡献，以及管理多样性，公平和平等问题的努力。 该项目旨在开发一种关于印度科学家和工程师行为的理论，并帮助制定未来的政策。研究结果可能会对评价和晋升中所谓的客观性提出问题并引发讨论。

Project AbstractSES 0136467New Immigrants: Science & Engineering in the United StatesRoli VarmaSchool of Public AdministrationUniversity of New Mexico, AlbuquerqueDebates over the new immigration, or immigration from non-European sources, ofscientists/engineers to the U.S. focus on the extent to which new immigrants take highlyskilled jobs away from U.S. citizens or whether high-tech companies lay off nativeworkers to hire foreigners in order to maximize profits. Recently, some scholars havefocused on the existence of a "glass ceiling" that impedes upward career mobilityfor new immigrants in science and engineering (S&E). Most studies have yet to explorethe complexities/contradictions associated with the presence and experiences of newimmigrants in S&E occupations.This project is a qualitative-quantitative study on the situation and experiencesof foreign-born scientists/engineers from India in the United States. It focuses on theextent to which they are professionally successful and/or face institutional barriers withrespect to reward, recognition, and promotion in S&E organizations. Attention to foreign-born scientists/engineers from India makes sense for many reasons. First, they are increasingly present in the S&E workforce of the U.S.. Second, there islittle scholarly work on the experiences and impacts of Indian scientists/engineers in theU.S.. Third, foreign-born Indians have made vast strides in education and employment in comparison to other ethnic minorities in the U.S. Fourth, many cultural arguments (such as occupational preferences and linguistic abilities) for the lack of mobility in positions of authority and decision-making are not clear-cut for Indian scientists/engineers. And fifth, many structural arguments for facing the glass ceiling, such as racial prejudice, may overlook other factors such as the existence of a "good old boy" network in S&E organizations.Research methods include in-depth interviews to acquire primary data on the subject; collection of quantitative data; examination of relevant literature. Attention is focused on two sets of subjects: foreign-born Indians holding master and doctorate degrees in S&E disciplines and their American colleagues, department chairs, and managers. Subjects are drawn from two industrial labs, two national labs, and three academic institutions.The findings of this project help illuminate the potential contributions of Indian scientists/engineers in the future, as well as efforts to manage diversity, fairness and equality issues. The project aims to develop a theory about the behavior of scientists and engineers from India, as well as to help shape future policies. Research findings are likely to raise questions and foster discussion about the purported objectivity in evaluation and promotion.