New Immigrants: Science & Engineering in the United States

新移民：美国的科学与工程关于新移民，或来自非欧洲的科学家/工程师移民到美国的争论集中在新移民从美国公民手中夺走高技能工作的程度，或者高科技公司是否为了利润最大化而解雇本土工人来雇佣外国人。最近，一些学者关注阻碍新移民在科学和工程领域向上流动的“玻璃天花板”的存在（S&amp；E）。大多数研究尚未探索与新移民在s&p；E职业中的存在和经历相关的复杂性/矛盾。本项目是对外国出生的印度科学家/工程师在美国的情况和经历进行定性和定量研究。它关注的是他们在职业上的成功程度和/或在s&p组织中面对奖励、认可和晋升方面的制度障碍的程度。关注来自印度的外国出生的科学家/工程师有很多道理。首先，他们越来越多地出现在美国的标普员工队伍中。其次，关于印度科学家/工程师在美国的经历和影响的学术研究很少。第三，与美国其他少数民族相比，外国出生的印度人在教育和就业方面取得了巨大进步。第四，印度科学家/工程师在权威职位和决策方面缺乏流动性的许多文化论据（如职业偏好和语言能力）并不明确。第五，面对玻璃天花板的许多结构性论点，如种族偏见，可能忽视了其他因素，如在s&p组织中存在的“老男孩”网络。研究方法包括深度访谈，以获取有关主题的原始数据；定量数据的收集；查阅相关文献。人们的注意力集中在两组对象上：一组是在外国出生的印度人，持有标准普尔学科的硕士和博士学位，另一组是他们的美国同事、系主任和经理。研究对象来自两个工业实验室、两个国家实验室和三个学术机构。这个项目的发现有助于阐明印度科学家/工程师在未来的潜在贡献，以及管理多样性、公平和平等问题的努力。该项目旨在发展一种关于印度科学家和工程师行为的理论，并帮助制定未来的政策。研究结果可能会对所谓的评估和晋升的客观性提出问题并促进讨论。

Project AbstractSES 0136467New Immigrants: Science & Engineering in the United StatesRoli VarmaSchool of Public AdministrationUniversity of New Mexico, AlbuquerqueDebates over the new immigration, or immigration from non-European sources, ofscientists/engineers to the U.S. focus on the extent to which new immigrants take highlyskilled jobs away from U.S. citizens or whether high-tech companies lay off nativeworkers to hire foreigners in order to maximize profits. Recently, some scholars havefocused on the existence of a "glass ceiling" that impedes upward career mobilityfor new immigrants in science and engineering (S&E). Most studies have yet to explorethe complexities/contradictions associated with the presence and experiences of newimmigrants in S&E occupations.This project is a qualitative-quantitative study on the situation and experiencesof foreign-born scientists/engineers from India in the United States. It focuses on theextent to which they are professionally successful and/or face institutional barriers withrespect to reward, recognition, and promotion in S&E organizations. Attention to foreign-born scientists/engineers from India makes sense for many reasons. First, they are increasingly present in the S&E workforce of the U.S.. Second, there islittle scholarly work on the experiences and impacts of Indian scientists/engineers in theU.S.. Third, foreign-born Indians have made vast strides in education and employment in comparison to other ethnic minorities in the U.S. Fourth, many cultural arguments (such as occupational preferences and linguistic abilities) for the lack of mobility in positions of authority and decision-making are not clear-cut for Indian scientists/engineers. And fifth, many structural arguments for facing the glass ceiling, such as racial prejudice, may overlook other factors such as the existence of a "good old boy" network in S&E organizations.Research methods include in-depth interviews to acquire primary data on the subject; collection of quantitative data; examination of relevant literature. Attention is focused on two sets of subjects: foreign-born Indians holding master and doctorate degrees in S&E disciplines and their American colleagues, department chairs, and managers. Subjects are drawn from two industrial labs, two national labs, and three academic institutions.The findings of this project help illuminate the potential contributions of Indian scientists/engineers in the future, as well as efforts to manage diversity, fairness and equality issues. The project aims to develop a theory about the behavior of scientists and engineers from India, as well as to help shape future policies. Research findings are likely to raise questions and foster discussion about the purported objectivity in evaluation and promotion.