Conference: Economics Beyond Neoclassical Limits-Blackstone, VA, June 2002

传统上，比较优势是理解贸易的最佳框架的基本逻辑。第二种选择，侧重于专业化的优势，为开放市场提供了一个论据，要求相对更多的公众支持。新古典主义经济学是在比较优势的基础上发展起来的，因为它考虑到了回报恒定的假设，没有这个假设，竞争性经济似乎是不可能的。 只有在20世纪80年代和90年代，人们才注意到亚当·斯密对专业化和市场规模的强调。 现代分析，不仅证明了与竞争组织的兼容性，而且还确定了内生增长的来源。这些现代发展在杨晓凯的论文《经济学：新古典框架与新古典框架》（Blackwell，2001）中有系统的介绍。研讨会的目的是促进对这一新兴研究计划的审查，这是年轻科学家在教科书或正统培训中没有遇到的。 研讨会将使他们接触到杨教授，并对他的论文进行批判性的评价，期望他们自己将一些兴趣转移到“广义递增收益”及其含义上。

Traditionally, Comparative Advantage had been the foundational logic that best frames the understanding of trade. A second alternative, that focuses on the Advantages of Specialization, offers an argument for the opening of markets that commands relatively more public support. Neoclassical economics was derived on the basis of comparative advantage because it allowed for constant returns postulate, without which a competitive economy seemed impossible. Only in the 1980's and 1990's, attention was directed to Adam Smith's emphasis on specialization and the size of the market. Modern analyses, not only demonstrates compatibility with competitive organization, but also identify sources of endogenous growth. These modern developments have been systematically presented in Xiaokai Yang's treatise, Economics: New Classical versus Neoclassical Framework (Blackwell, 2001). The purpose of the workshop is to stimulate examination of this emerging research program, which young scientists will not have encountered in their textbooks or in orthodox training. The workshop will expose them to Professor Yang, and to a critical evaluation of his treatise, in the expectation that they will, themselves, shift some of their interests to "generalized increasing returns" and its implications.