International Research Fellowship Program: The Technology of Cosmetics Fabrication in Middle Kingdom Egypt

国际研究奖学金计划：埃及中部王国的化妆品制造技术

• 批准号: 0205039
• 负责人: Christopher Deeb
• 金额: $ 8.81万
• 依托单位: Deeb Chris W
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-12-01 至 2004-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0205039&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Technology

0205039DeebThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct three to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twelve-month research fellowship by Dr. Christopher Deeb to work with Dr. Jacques Castaing at the Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musees de France (C2RMF - the Scientific Laboratory at the Louvre Museum) in Paris, France.This project involves the examination of the methods by which the ancient Egyptians processed raw mineral powders into cosmetics. Artifact powders from Egyptian tombs dating between 2000-1200 BC have previously been studied to determine their mineral composition. These powders are composed of a suite of naturally occurring materials - galena (PbS) and cerussite (PbCO3) - and materials which are not naturally occurring - laurionite (PbOHCl) and phosgenite (Pb2CL2CO3). By consultation with Greco-Roman texts, it is presumed that the latter compounds are the result of wet chemistry. The Ancient Egyptians then performed a certain degree of mechanical grinding and annealing to form the final product. The relationship between the mined and chemically derived raw materials, mechanical processing, and annealing temperature and time will be determined and compared to the actual artifact powders. By this method the Pis will reveal the processing conditions the Egyptians used to make these powders and also shed light on the processing available at that time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) will be the main tool used, resulting in a precise definition of the processing conditions used by the Ancient Egyptians being the end result.Dr. Castaing has a long history of international collaborations in a wide array of materials science related projects.

[205039]国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行3至24个月的研究。该计划的奖励为联合研究提供了机会，并利用独特或互补的设施、专业知识和国外的实验条件。该奖项将支持Christopher Deeb博士与Jacques Castaing博士在法国巴黎的法国博物馆研究中心（C2RMF -卢浮宫博物馆科学实验室）开展为期12个月的研究。这个项目包括对古埃及人将原料矿物粉末加工成化妆品的方法的研究。公元前2000年至1200年之间的埃及墓葬中出土的人工制品粉末此前曾被研究过，以确定它们的矿物成分。这些粉末是由一组天然存在的材料——方铅矿（PbS）和锡矿（PbCO3）——和非天然存在的材料——锂离子矿（PbOHCl）和光生矿（Pb2CL2CO3）组成的。通过查阅希腊罗马文献，可以推测后一种化合物是湿化学的结果。然后，古埃及人进行一定程度的机械研磨和退火，以形成最终产品。将确定开采和化学衍生的原材料，机械加工和退火温度和时间之间的关系，并与实际的人工制品粉末进行比较。通过这种方法，Pis将揭示埃及人用来制造这些粉末的加工条件，也揭示了当时可用的加工方法。透射电子显微镜（TEM）将是使用的主要工具，从而精确定义古埃及人使用的加工条件是最终结果。铸造在广泛的材料科学相关项目中有着悠久的国际合作历史。