The Transformation of SN1987A into a Supernova Remnant

AST-0206048克罗茨超新星1987 A是近四个世纪以来观测到的最接近的超新星，也是迄今为止研究最深入的超新星，随着爆炸的喷出物撞击到星星在过去一百万年中脱落的星周包层，它正在迅速变成超新星遗迹。我们建议使用光学，红外和紫外程序的组合，加上进一步的太空研究（由NASA支持）来观察这一过程。这将使我们能够绘制出包层的结构，无论是在未受干扰的状态下，还是在被喷出物破坏时。这将是有史以来第一次对SN残余物形成演化进行完整的研究。我们以前对3-D结构、速度、密度和成分的观测将建立爆炸前星云的性质和形成它的质量损失过程，而碰撞中产生的X和EUV通量对这个星云的激发将使我们能够再次重新分析它。除了这些对SN残骸的前所未有的研究之外，还将继续利用SN爆炸产生的光回波来探索剑鱼座30恒星形成区的星际介质，研究SN冲击爆发通过祖星星表面的紫外脉冲回波，并精确确定到大麦哲伦云（河外距离加法器上的基本梯级）的距离。

AST-0206048CrottsSupernova 1987A, the closest SN seen in nearly four centuries, and the most intenselystudied ever, is rapidly turning into a SN remnant as the ejecta from the explosion nowstrikes the circumstellar envelope shed by the star over the last million years. We proposeto observe this process using a combination of optical, IR and UV programs, plus furtherspace-based studies (supported by NASA). These will allow us to map the structure ofthe envelope, both in its unperturbed state and as it is destroyed by the ejecta. Thiswill allow the first complete study of SN remnant formation evolution ever undertaken.Our previous observations of the 3-D structure, velocities, density and composition willestablish the nature of the pre-explosion nebula and the mass loss processes that created it,while the excitation of this nebula by the X and EUV flux created in the collision will allowus to re-analyze it once more. In addition to these unprecedented studies of a SN remnant,will continue to use light echoes from the SN explosion to explore the interstellarmedium in the 30 Doradus star-formation region, to study the echo of the UV pulse fromSN shock breakout through the progenitor star's surface, and to accurately determine thedistance to the Large Magellanic Cloud { a fundamental rung on the extragalactic distanceladder.***