SGER: An Assessment of US Electric Power Grid Geomagnetic Disturbance Hazard Risk Due to SSC, SI and Related Magnetospheric Shock Disturbances

地磁感应电流（Geomagnetically-Induced Currents，GIC）通常是由地磁暴引起的局部地磁场的变化率产生的。 当GIC的幅度大和/或地理上广泛分布时，可以导致严重的电力系统问题。 由于GIC与电网的这种相互作用，可能会发生设备故障。以前已经认识到，电射流驱动的地磁暴过程是影响电网的局部地磁场扰动和GIC的原因，特别是对于高磁纬度的电网，这些电网非常接近电射流电流。 然而，大量报告的电力系统问题并不符合时间或位置模式与极光电射流的强化。 相反，它们与地磁风暴开始（SC）事件的开始时间有关。 初步审查的电力系统扰动和风暴气候学数据报告在太阳周期22日和迄今为止在太阳周期23表明，一些严重的电力系统的影响，已观察到由于这个SC过程。 对电力系统运行的严重影响已被观察到，远至南部的洛杉矶、得克萨斯州-新墨西哥州，以及整个美国东南部，以及传统的中纬度和北方纬度地区。美国尚未进行严格的研究，甚至对这种潜在风险进行初步评估。 PI将进行一项以美国为重点的地磁灾害研究和评估，以进一步详细了解这一重要的风暴过程，以及这一风暴过程如何与电网和通信电缆等重要的地面基础设施耦合。

Geomagnetically-Induced Currents (GICs) are generally produced by the rate-of-change of the local geomagnetic field caused by a geomagnetic storm. The GIC when large in magnitude and/or geographically wide-spread can lead to severe power system problems. Failures of equipment can occur due to this interaction of the GIC with the power grid.It has been previously understood that electrojet-driven geomagnetic storm processes were responsible for local geomagnetic field disturbances and GICs affecting power girds, especially for power grids at high magnetic latitudes, which are in close proximity to the electrojet currents. However, a large number of reported power system problems did not fit the timing or location pattern as being associated with intensification of auroral electrojets. Rather, they were associated with the onset times of geomagnetic storm commencement (SC) events. A preliminary review of power system disturbance and storm climatology data reported in Solar Cycle 22 and to date in Solar Cycle 23 indicates that a number of severe power system impacts have been observed due to this SC process. Severe impacts to power system operations have been observed as far south as Los Angeles, Texas-New Mexico, and all across the southeastern US, as well as traditional mid and northern latitude locations.No rigorous study has been conducted in the US to do even a preliminary assessment of this risk potential. The PI will undertake a US-focused geomagnetic hazard study and assessment to further develop detailed understanding of this important storm process and how this storm process couples to important ground-based infrastructures such as power girds and communication cables.