Common pools of genetic resources

《生物多样性公约》(CBD)规定，获得遗传资源是提供国和使用国之间的双边交流。这种安排在很大程度上是低效的，在分配上也不公平。提交的研究项目寻求既更有效率又更公平的解决方案。测试的解决方案是遗传物质和遗传信息的公共池。它们具有便利获取、监测使用、收集惠益份额并将其转发给所有来源国的潜力。该项目将探讨现有共有库的结构、功能和法律文书，包括原位遗传材料网络、异地资源收集和网络、遗传信息数据库和元数据库以及传统知识网络和收集。经验和法律分析致力于改进公共池的类型，并解释为什么或为什么没有池出现。将试图为共同资源库，特别是遗传信息库和元数据库制定一个法律模式，并为可能与《国际植物遗传资源条约》的多边制度相联系的原地和异地遗传资源库制定一个区域资源库的法律模式。

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) devises access to genetic resources as a bilateral exchange between the provider and user state. This arrangement is largely inefficient and distributionally unjust. The submitted research project looks for solutions which are both more efficient and more equitable. The solution tested is common pools of genetic material and of genetic information. They have the potential of facilitating access, monitoring uses, collecting benefit shares and forwarding them to all source countries. The project will explore the structures, functioning and legal instruments of existing common pools including networks of in situ genetic material, collections and networks of ex situ resources, data banks and meta-databanks of genetic information, and networks and collections of traditional knowledge. The empirical and legal analysis strives to produce an improved typology of common pools and explain why or why not pools emerge. It will be attempted to develop a legal model for common pools, in particular one for genetic information bases and metabases, and one for regional pools of in situ and ex situ genetic resources, which may be linked with the multilateral system of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources.