Identifying Causal Mechanisms Underlying Nonignorable Unit Nonresponse Through Refusals to Surveys

通过拒绝调查来识别不可忽视的单位不答复背后的因果机制

• 批准号: 0207435
• 负责人: Robert Groves
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-10-01 至 2008-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0207435&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Identifying; Causal; Mechanisms; Underlying; Nonignorable

This project is a set of randomized experiments aimed at systematically both producing and eliminating unit nonresponse error in survey estimates. Specifically, three attributes of the survey request (topic interest, survey sponsor, and monetary incentives) will be experimentally manipulated in concert with choice of target population. Sampling frames containing persons with known characteristics (e.g., occupational groups, interest groups, groups of consumers of specific products or services) will be used. Randomly identified subsamples of these groups will be asked to participate in self-administered surveys on topics of relevance to the frame and topics irrelevant to the frame. Crossed with this factor, the sponsorship of the survey will be experimentally varied, with one sponsor relevant to the frame and one irrelevant to the frame. Finally, the use of a monetary incentive will be crossed with both of the other factors to measure the effects of extrinsic benefits of participation. The key hypothesis is that topic interest and sponsorship act to produce nonignorable nonresponse when the surveys contain items relevant to the frame, and that monetary incentives act to reduce the magnitude of nonresponse error by bringing into the respondent pool sample persons with low topic interest and minimal affect toward the sponsor. The effects of sponsor affect and topic interest are expected to be additive; monetary incentives are expected to counteract the nonignorability influences of both factors.The practical importance of this work to statistics based on surveys is: a) to help agencies conducting surveys anticipate when different sponsors may obtain different results; b) to provide evidence about potentially harmful effects on nonresponse error of interviewers' emphasizing single purposes of a survey; c) to produce evidence regarding the ameliorating effects on nonresponse error of monetary incentives; and d) to test a conceptual structure that will help survey sponsors anticipate when nonresponse rates will affect error and when they will not. This research is supported by the Methodology, Measurement, and Statistics Program and a consortium of federal statistical agencies under the Research on Survey and Statistical Methodology Funding Opportunity.

该项目是一组随机实验，旨在系统地产生和消除调查估计中的单位非响应误差。具体来说，调查请求的三个属性（主题兴趣、调查发起人和金钱激励）将在实验中与目标人群的选择相一致。将使用包含具有已知特征的人员（例如，职业群体、利益群体、特定产品或服务的消费者群体）的抽样框架。这些小组中随机确定的子样本将被要求参与与框架相关和与框架无关的主题的自我管理调查。与此因素交叉，调查的赞助将实验性地变化，一个赞助商与框架相关，另一个与框架无关。最后，货币激励的使用将与其他两个因素相结合，以衡量参与的外在效益的影响。关键的假设是，当调查包含与框架相关的项目时，话题兴趣和赞助行为产生不可忽视的无反应，而货币激励通过将低话题兴趣和对赞助商影响最小的样本纳入被调查者池来减少无反应误差的大小。赞助商影响和话题兴趣的影响预期是相加的；货币激励有望抵消这两个因素不可忽视的影响。这项工作对基于调查的统计的实际重要性是：a)帮助进行调查的机构预测不同的赞助者何时可能获得不同的结果；B)提供证据，证明采访者强调调查的单一目的对无反应错误的潜在有害影响；C)就货币激励对非反应误差的改善作用提供证据；d)测试一个概念结构，帮助调查发起人预测什么时候无回复率会影响错误，什么时候不会。本研究由方法、测量和统计项目以及调查和统计方法研究资助机会下的联邦统计机构联盟提供支持。