LTREB: Forest Ecosystem Response to Changes in Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM)

0210257费尔南德斯缅因州熊溪分水岭(BBWM)是一个长期配对的森林分水岭研究地点，每个分水岭都由一条流经V型缺口堰的一级溪流排水。一个分水岭(西熊)每两个月处理一次，N和S每两个月处理一次，以第二个分水岭(东熊)为参考分水岭。这项LTREB建议的目标是：1.研究校准的东熊流域对环境S、N和盐基阳离子沉积的长期模式的响应。这将通过保持参考流域的高质量沉积和流向出口数据来实现，以支持本项目和其他项目资助的关于生态系统过程和随时间变化的研究。研究西熊分水岭氮饱和度的时间演变。这将通过继续在西熊分水岭进行的十年尺度的全生态系统N&A；S增加试验来实现。3.确定短期和长期气候与两个流域目前正在研究的生物地球化学和水文过程之间是否存在可确定的关系。这将通过在BBWM的主要生态系统隔间建立空气和土壤温度测量计划来实现。研究将集中在参考流域和处理流域的温度、N动态(矿化、硝化)和地表水N输出之间的关系，我们将评估使用热量单位预测与这些过程有关的生态系统行为的有效性。提供支持，加强生物多样性研究所的数据管理工作，从而使科学界更容易获得这一长期记录，并提供一个解释界面，供教育工作者和政策制定者通过广泛的网络存在使用。LTREB建议的一个主要重点是在BBWM项目上发展一个分层的网络存在，为决策者、教育工作者和研究人员提供访问数据和亮点的途径。为研究生培训和本科生研究经验提供支持。这项研究的成果已被证明是迄今为止关于酸沉积的影响以及氮饱和对新英格兰森林和地表水的风险的区域和国家辩论的关键。支持BBWM长期研究计划的令人信服的理由是，对环境N和S(东熊)、长期化学操作(西熊)以及11年后的季节和年际气候变化的响应变化正在显示出在研究的头2-3年内无法辨别的响应机制。在对短期筹资周期进行研究时，这些长期反应机制经常被忽视。BBWM正在调查的长期和独特的反应对于充分评估21世纪有关空气污染和气候变化的政策和管理选择至关重要。

0210257FernandezThe Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) is a long-term paired, forested watershed researchsite with each watershed drained by a first order stream through a v-notch weir. One watershed(West Bear) has been treated bimonthly for 12 years with N and S by aerial helicopterapplications, with the second watershed (East Bear) serving as the reference watershed. Theobjectives of this LTREB proposal are to:1. Study the response of the calibrated East Bear Watershed to long-term patterns of ambient S,N, and base cation deposition. This will be accomplished by maintaining high qualitydeposition and stream export data from the reference watershed in support of research onecosystem processes and change over time funded by this project and others.2. Study the temporal progression of N saturation at the West Bear Watershed. This will beaccomplished by continuing the decadal-scale whole ecosystem N & S addition experimentongoing at the West Bear Watershed. 3. Determine if a definable relationship exists between short and longer-term climate and thebiogeochemical and hydrologic processes currently under study at both watersheds. Thiswill be accomplished by establishing an air and soil temperature measurement program across major ecosystem compartments at BBWM. Studies will focus on the relationships between temperature, N dynamics (mineralization, nitrification), and surface water N export in both the reference and treated watersheds, and we will evaluate the efficacy of using heat units to predict ecosystem behavior with respect to these processes.4. Provide support to strengthen the data management efforts at the BBWM, thereby makingthis long-term record more accessible to the scientific community with an interpretiveinterface to be used by educators and policy makers through an expansive web presence. Amajor emphasis of this LTREB proposal is the development of a layered web presence on theBBWM project that provides access to data and highlights for policy makers, educators andresearchers.5. Provide support for graduate student training and undergraduate student experiences inresearch.Findings from this research have proven to be turnkey to date in regional and national debates onthe effects of acid deposition and the risk of N saturation to forests and surface waters of NewEngland. The compelling justification for supporting the long-term program of research atBBWM is that changes in response to changing ambient deposition of N and S (East Bear), long-term chemical manipulations (West Bear), and seasonal and inter-annual climate variation after11+ years are showing mechanisms of response that were not discernable within the first 2-3years of the study. These long-term mechanisms of response are frequently overlooked whenresearch is conducted on short-term funding cycles. The long-term and unique responses beinginvestigated at BBWM will be critical for adequately assessing policy and management optionsregarding air pollution and climate change in the 21 st century.