A Landscape Approach to Archaeological Variability at the Acheulian to Middle Stone Age Transition in the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya
肯尼亚卡普图林地层从阿舍利时代到中石器时代过渡时期考古变化的景观方法
基本信息
- 批准号:0217728
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 27.42万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Continuing Grant
- 财政年份:2002
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2002-06-01 至 2007-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
With the support of the National Science Foundation a team of archaeologists and geologists led by Dr. Sally McBrearty will carry out three seasons of field work in the Baringo region of Kenya. The team will investigate how Middle Pleistocene landuse patterns changed with the appearance of Homo sapiens in the East African Rift Valley about 300,000 years ago. They will focus upon three stratigraphic intervals within the Kapthurin Formation, where sites containing Acheulian artifacts, thought to have been made by Homo erectus, are interstratified with those containing Middle Stone Age artifacts, thought to have been made by Homo sapiens. The ancient topography will be reconstructed by geological mapping with laser transit, and a three-dimensional model of each target interval will be reconstructed using GIS software. The ancient plant and animal communities will be documented through the study of mammalian and plant fossils, as well as fossil soil and fossil tooth stable carbon and oxygen isotopes. Surface collection, trial trenches, and horizontal excavation at two sites per stratigraphic interval will provide evidence for early human behavior in the form of stone tools and fossil bone which has been processed for food by early hominids. Patterns of association of these behavioral traces of with topographic features and plant communities will be sought for each target interval. A change in landuse patterns with early Homo sapiens, reflecting greater cognitive abilities, technical competence, and geographic range, can be predicted on anatomical and archaeological grounds, but the evidence to date has been drawn from widely dispersed sites which are not well dated. The Kapthurin Formation is confined to a single depositional basin, and the ages of the stratigraphic intervals to be studied are well calibrated by the 40Ar/39Ar dating method. Any landuse patterns detected in the three stratigraphic intervals will be compared to assess the nature and tempo of change through time. Dr. McBrearty and her collaborators will focus on five questions: 1) Is there a detectable change in landuse patterns between the Acheulian and Middle Stone Age? 2) Did Middle Stone Age hominids use a broader array of microhabitats than Acheulian hominids, such as uplands and distal floodplains, in addition to stream and lakeside settings? 3) Were Middle Stone Age hominids able to range further from sources of water or raw material for stone tool making than Acheulian hominids? 4) Were either Acheulian or Middle Stone Age tool makers designing specific implements to exploit particular habitats? 5) How does the competence of Acheulian hunters compare with hunters of the Middle Stone Age? This research is important because it will illustrate the nature of the behavior of the earliest members of Homo sapiens and illuminate some of the processes leading to the origin of our species.
在国家科学基金会的支持下,由Sally McBrearty博士领导的考古学家和地质学家团队将在肯尼亚的Baringo地区进行三个季节的实地考察。 该团队将调查中更新世土地利用模式如何随着大约30万年前东非大裂谷智人的出现而变化。 他们将集中在Kapthurin组内的三个地层间隔,其中包含被认为是由直立人制造的Acheulian文物的遗址与那些包含中石器时代文物的遗址相互分层,被认为是由智人制造的。 通过激光经纬仪地质填图重建古地形,利用GIS软件重建各目标层段的三维模型。 通过研究哺乳动物和植物化石以及土壤化石和牙齿化石的稳定碳和氧同位素,将记录古代植物和动物群落。 在每个地层间隔的两个地点进行的地表采集、探沟和水平挖掘,将以石器和骨骼化石的形式为早期人类行为提供证据,这些化石已被早期原始人加工成食物。 这些行为的痕迹与地形特征和植物群落的关联模式将寻求每个目标间隔。 早期智人的土地利用模式发生了变化,反映了更高的认知能力、技术能力和地理范围,可以从解剖学和考古学的角度来预测,但迄今为止的证据都是从分布广泛的遗址中得出的,这些遗址的年代并不确定。 Kapthurin组局限于一个单一的沉积盆地中,所要研究的地层间隔的年龄是很好的校准的40 Ar/39 Ar定年方法。 将比较在三个地层间隔中发现的任何土地利用模式,以评估随时间变化的性质和克里思。 McBrearty博士和她的合作者将重点研究五个问题:1)在阿舍利时代和中石器时代之间,土地利用模式是否有可检测的变化?2)中石器时代的原始人是否比阿舍利原始人使用了更广泛的微栖息地,比如高地和远端洪泛平原,以及溪流和湖畔环境?3)中石器时代的原始人是否比阿舍利原始人能够从水源或制造石器的原料中走得更远?4)阿舍利或中石器时代的工具制造者是否设计了特定的工具来利用特定的栖息地? 5)阿舍利猎人的能力与中石器时代的猎人相比如何? 这项研究很重要,因为它将说明智人最早成员的行为性质,并阐明导致我们物种起源的一些过程。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Sally McBrearty其他文献
Sharpening the mind
磨练思维
- DOI:
10.1038/nature11751 - 发表时间:
2012-11-07 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:48.500
- 作者:
Sally McBrearty - 通讯作者:
Sally McBrearty
The coast in colour
彩色的海岸
- DOI:
10.1038/449793a - 发表时间:
2007-10-17 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:48.500
- 作者:
Sally McBrearty;Chris Stringer - 通讯作者:
Chris Stringer
Sally McBrearty的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Sally McBrearty', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Stable Isotopic Evidence for Landscape Reconstructions, Kapthurin Formation, Kenya
博士论文改进资助:肯尼亚卡普图林地层景观重建的稳定同位素证据
- 批准号:
1343214 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant: The Origins of Modern Human Behavior
博士论文研究改进资助:现代人类行为的起源
- 批准号:
1343740 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
RAPID: Rescue excavation of fossils of late Middle Pleistocene Homo from the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya
RAPID:对肯尼亚卡普图林组中更新世晚期人属化石进行抢救性挖掘
- 批准号:
1103441 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Middle Pleistocene Human Behavioral Adaptations in the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya
肯尼亚卡普图林组中更新世人类行为适应
- 批准号:
0917965 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: East African Middle Stone Age Projectile Technology and Modern Human Behavior
博士论文研究:东非中石器时代弹丸技术与现代人类行为
- 批准号:
0443171 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: A Middle Pleistocene Landscape Archaeology Project in the Kapthurin Formation, Kenya
博士论文研究:肯尼亚卡普图林地层中更新世景观考古项目
- 批准号:
0432029 - 财政年份:2004
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral dissertation improvement grant: Archaeology and tephrostratigraphy of the southern Kapthurin Formation, Baringo, Kenya
博士论文改进补助金:肯尼亚巴林戈南部卡普图林地层的考古学和地层学
- 批准号:
0118345 - 财政年份:2001
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Archaeology & Paleoenvironments of the Kapthurin Formation, Baringo District, Kenya
考古学
- 批准号:
9601419 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Archaeology and Paleoenvironments of the Kapthurin Formation, Baringo, Kenya
卡普图林地层的考古学和古环境,巴林戈,肯尼亚
- 批准号:
9408926 - 财政年份:1994
- 资助金额:
$ 27.42万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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