Organization and Operation of a Workshop for Establishing the US Science Plan for the ANDRILL Project

为 ANDRILL 项目制定美国科学计划研讨会的组织和运作

• 批准号: 0225361
• 负责人: David Harwood
• 金额: $ 3.9万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-05-15 至 2003-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0225361&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Organization; Operation; Workshop; Establishing; US

This award, provided by the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation, provides support for a US research-planning workshop for Antarctic geological drilling. Geological drilling to recover core for scientific investigations was successfully conducted in the McMurdo Sound Region during 10 austral summers over a 28-year period since 1973. The sea-ice has been used successfully as a drilling platform for seven drill-holes in this area. Experience gained during these projects forms the basis for developing new drilling technology to advance this approach. The ANDRILL (ANtarctic DRILLing) Project considers future drilling from sea-ice, ice shelf and land platforms within its "McMurdo Sound Portfolio". This award provides funds for organizing and operating a workshop to develop the US science plan for the McMurdo Sound Portfolio of the ANDRILL Initiative. It has been advertised widely across the US Antarctic science community as well as beyond, to the general US geoscience community, and it will be open to all interested individuals. The aim of the workshop is to bring together scientists to: (1) discuss and refine the scientific goals and objectives of the McMurdo Sound Portfolio; (2) to inform the US science community of past and planned ANDRILL activities; (3) provide a vehicle for the distribution of information to scientists new to Cenozoic geoscience in Antarctica; (4) devise a plan agreeable to the US community for the structure of the US ANDRILL program, its style of funding and mode of operation; and (5) prepare a report that will summarize the interest and potential contributions of US scientists to this program, and provide guidelines as to how scientists can participate in the program.ANDRILL is an international consortium with objectives to recover stratigraphic core records for use in interpreting Antarctica's past climatic, glacial, and geological history over the past 50 million years and at varying scales of age resolution (0.1 to 100 k.y.). Understanding the past history of ice volume variation in Antarctica and associated physical changes in this region is critical to proper assessment of the global climate system and interaction of ice sheets with the ocean, atmosphere and biosphere. ANDRILL will proceed in three phases: geophysical and site surveys (2001-2004), drilling and core recovery (2003-2007), and climate and glacial modeling and integration of recovered data into global records of climate change (2005-2009). For the past 40 million years the Antarctic Ice Sheet has played a critical role in regulating global climate and sea level. Climatic warming is expected to be most pronounced in polar regions; Antarctic temperatures may rise by the end of the century to levels that have not been achieved for several million years. It is therefore vital that we understand the past response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climatic change in order to provide constraints on models that predict the future. ANDRILL currently plans 4 seasons of drilling under the "McMurdo Sound Portfolio", in the regions of New Harbor, Windless Bight, Mackay Sea Valley, and on the Southern McMurdo Ice Shelf. This Portfolio proposes more than ten individual drilling targets that will require varied drilling equipment and strategies. Most of these targets have several common requirements, including drilling through hundreds of meters of water (up to 1000 m), and recovering continuous core starting from the sea-floor to depths of as much as 1000 m. Through subsequent Portfolios, the life of ANDRILL and this new drilling system will likely continue towards the year 2020. Support for programs of this scale must come from contributions of several nations. To date, the ANDRILL International Consortium includes as member nations the USA, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Italy and Germany, and it invites membership from any interested nation. Similar to the Cape Roberts Project (CRP), close interaction of a diverse team of research scientists, postdoctoral scientists, graduate and undergraduate students will provide excellent opportunities for education and on-site training. REU appointments will target underrepresented groups in the geosciences. ANDRILL plans to expand the educational and outreach component beyond that of CRP by direct on-site and remote learning opportunities through member-nation initiatives and ANDRILL sponsored outreach and education. An "on-ice" team of scientists would prepare the core and provide initial description and characterization. Samples would be shipped to "off-ice" scientists to study and present results at the first of two science workshops to be hosted at member-nations home academic institutions on a rotating basis. Publication of initial results would be followed by presentation of results in major scientific journals and at professional meetings.

该奖项由美国国家科学基金会极地项目办公室提供，为美国南极地质钻探研究规划研讨会提供支持。自1973年以来的28年期间，在麦克默多海湾地区，在10个南方夏季成功地进行了地质钻探，以回收岩心进行科学调查。海冰已成功地用作该地区七个钻孔的钻井平台。在这些项目中获得的经验构成了开发新钻井技术以推进这一方法的基础。ANDRILL（ANTRONIC DRILLing）项目在其“麦克默多声音组合”中考虑未来从海冰、冰架和陆地平台进行钻探。该奖项为组织和运营一个研讨会提供资金，以制定美国的麦克默多声音组合的ANDRILL倡议的科学计划。它已经在美国南极科学界以及其他地方向美国地球科学界广泛宣传，并将向所有感兴趣的个人开放。讲习班的目的是召集科学家：（1）讨论和完善麦克默多声音组合的科学目标和目的;（2）向美国科学界通报过去和计划中的ANDRILL活动;（3）为向新接触南极新生代地球科学的科学家传播信息提供一个途径;（4）就美国安德里尔计划的结构、资助方式和运作方式制定一项美国社会同意的计划;以及（5）准备一份报告，总结美国科学家对该计划的兴趣和潜在贡献，ANDRILL是一个国际联盟，其目标是恢复地层岩心记录，用于解释南极洲过去5000万年的气候、冰川和地质历史，并具有不同的年龄分辨率（0.1至100 k. y）。了解南极洲冰量变化的过去历史以及该地区相关的物理变化，对于正确评估全球气候系统以及冰盖与海洋、大气和生物圈的相互作用至关重要。ANDRILL将分三个阶段进行：地球物理和现场调查（2001-2004年），钻探和岩心回收（2003-2007年），气候和冰川建模以及将回收的数据纳入全球气候变化记录（2005-2009年）。在过去的4000万年里，南极冰盖在调节全球气候和海平面方面发挥了关键作用。预计极地地区的气候变暖将最为明显;南极洲的气温可能在世纪末上升到几百万年来从未达到的水平。因此，我们必须了解南极冰盖过去对气候变化的反应，以便为预测未来的模型提供限制。安德里尔目前计划在“麦克默多声音组合”下，在新港、无风湾、麦凯海谷和南部麦克默多冰架地区进行4个季节的钻探。该产品组合提出了十多个单独的钻井目标，这些目标需要不同的钻井设备和策略。大多数这些目标有几个共同的要求，包括钻过数百米的水（高达1000米），并恢复连续的核心开始从海底高达1000米的深度。通过随后的港口建设，ANDRILL和这一新钻井系统的寿命可能会持续到2020年。对这种规模的方案的支持必须来自几个国家的捐款。迄今为止，ANDRILL国际联盟的成员国包括美国、英国、新西兰、意大利和德国，并邀请任何感兴趣的国家加入。与罗伯茨角项目（CRP）类似，研究科学家，博士后科学家，研究生和本科生的多元化团队的密切互动将提供良好的教育和现场培训机会。REU的任命将针对地球科学中代表性不足的群体。ANDRILL计划通过成员国倡议和ANDRILL赞助的外联和教育，提供直接现场和远程学习机会，将教育和外联部分扩大到CRP之外。一个“冰上”科学家小组将准备岩芯，并提供初步说明和定性。样本将被运送到“冰外”科学家进行研究，并在成员国国内学术机构轮流主办的两个科学讲习班中的第一个讲习班上提出结果。在发表初步结果之后，将在主要科学期刊和专业会议上介绍结果。