Development of a High Precision Chronostratigraphic Framework to Connect Antarctic Glacial and Climatic History with Global Proxy Records

该奖项由极地项目办公室南极地质和地球物理项目提供，支持为南大洋和南极大陆架的微体化石建立基本的年代地层框架。南极大陆架和南大洋的年代地层学数据已经发展到需要大量更新和整合的地步，以充分发挥其在年龄分辨率方面的潜力，并满足未来钻探计划的需求（如ANDRILL和SHALDRIL所体现的那样）。ANDRILL和SHALDRIL要解决的问题在今天是相关的，对于理解南极冰盖重大变化的机制和速度至关重要。南极洲通过垂直和水平的海洋环流、反射率、冰川对沿海地区古地理的控制以及大气交换与全球系统有着不可分割的联系。 为了了解冰盖是如何对全球气候系统做出反应和影响的，我们必须拥有最好的工具来进行时间分辨率和地质学，特别是古生物学数据的远距离相关。将图形相关应用于这些数据将能够开发一种强大的年代地层工具，即复合标准参考剖面（CSRS），它可以相对轻松地管理各种复杂的地层数据集，并在亚热带到南极纬度梯度上具有很强的应用。这项资助支持的工作将开发一种高精度的年代地层学，并提供将这种单一的综合系统应用于南极钻探产生的各种类型的数据的方法。其主要目的是为ANDRILL和SHALDRIL科学界服务，建立一个地层框架，为高纬度和低纬度之间的信息传递提供一个渠道，一个经验丰富的生物地层学家小组致力于重新访问过去30年中检索到的一些重要沉积剖面，并将其更新为现代分类和年代地层数据库。此外，新西兰的Chris Hollis和James Crampton正在进行的关于南大洋放射虫和有孔虫的平行研究的结果也将纳入数据库。我们提出的广泛的年代地层合成南极和南大洋记录是反映在大西洋的SYNATLAN，它提供了承诺，进行我们的合成和南极古气候信息内外的赤道大西洋。CHRONOS项目将有助于将这一数据库与其他全球数据库结合起来。该项目将沿着一个纬度样带为南大洋的印度部分建立一个综合标准参考剖面。硅藻、钙质超微化石、孢粉和有孔虫生物地层事件将构成资料的主体。有选择地输入其他地层资料（磁性地层学、化学地层学、火山灰年代学），将提高年代地层学的精度。CSRS作为年代地层模型的稳健性将根据南大洋大西洋部分选定地点的记录进行测试。一旦经过测试和完善，该CSRS将作为主要来自罗斯海的南极大陆架记录的时间位置的模板。这种方法将导致年代地层分辨率的提高，将不同的地理省连接到一个连续事件的网络中，将提出许多新的物种，以弥补过多的非正式硅藻名称，并将为科学家之间的沟通提供一个共同的参考方案，工作在不同的数据集和世界不同地区。所有这些成果都将有助于培养新的科学家。

This award, provided by the Antarctic Geology and Geophysics Program of the Office of Polar Programs, supports development of a basic chronostratigraphic framework for microfossils from the Southern Ocean and Antarctic continental shelf. Chronostratigraphic data from the Antarctic shelf and Southern Ocean have advanced to the point where a substantial update and integration is required to realize their full potential in age resolution and to meet the demands of future drilling initiatives (as embodied in ANDRILL and SHALDRIL). Questions to be addressed by ANDRILL and SHALDRIL are pertinent today and critical to understand the mechanism and pace of significant changes in the Antarctic ice sheets. Antarctica is integrally linked to the global system through vertical and horizontal ocean circulation, albedo reflectivity, glacioeustatic control on paleogeography of coastal regions, and atmospheric exchange. In order to understand how the ice sheet has responded to, and influenced, the global climate system, it is vital that we possess the best tools for time resolution and long distance correlation of geological, and particularly paleontological, data. Application of graphic correlation to these data will enable the development of a powerful chronostratigraphic tool, the Composite Standard Reference Section (CSRS), which can manage diverse and complex stratigraphic datasets with relative ease, and have strong application across the subtropical to Antarctic latitudinal gradient. The work supported by this grant will develop a high precision chronostratigraphy and provide the means to apply this single integrated system to the diverse types of data generated by Antarctic drilling. The principal aim is to serve the ANDRILL and SHALDRIL scientific community by constructing a stratigraphic framework that will provide a conduit for information transfer between the high and low latitudes.An experienced team of biostratigraphers is committed to revisiting some of the important sedimentary sections retrieved over the past 30 years and updating them into a modern taxonomic and chronostratigraphic database. In addition, the results of parallel, on-going studies of Southern Ocean radiolarians and foraminifers by Chris Hollis and James Crampton of New Zealand will be integrated into the database. The broad chronostratigraphic synthesis we propose for Antarctic and Southern Ocean records is mirrored in the Atlantic Ocean by SYNATLAN, which offers promise to carry our synthesis and Antarctic paleoclimatic information within and beyond the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. The CHRONOS project will serve to integrate this and other global databases. This project will develop a Composite Standard Reference Section (CSRS) for the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean along a latitudinal transect. Diatom, calcareous nannofossil, palynomorph and foraminiferal biostratigraphic events will form the main body of the data. Selected input of other stratigraphic data (magnetostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, tephrochronology) will enhance the chronostratigraphic precision. The robustness of the CSRS as a chronostratigraphic model will be tested against the records from selected sites in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Once tested and refined, this CSRS will then serve as a template for the temporal placement of Antarctic shelf records derived largely from the Ross Sea. This approach will result in improvement in chronostratigraphic resolution, will link distinct biogeographic provinces into one network of sequential events, will propose numerous new species to remedy the plethora of informal diatom names, and will provide a common reference scheme for communication between scientists working on diverse data sets and in different parts of the world. All of these outcomes will facilitate the training of new scientists.