Collaborative Research: A Digital Library Collection for Visually Exploring United States Demographic and Social Change

纽约市立大学和加州大学洛杉矶分校之间的合作项目是一个基于网络的材料集合，将能够描述和探索美国自成立以来的增长和社会变化。从小学到研究生院的学生、图书馆用户、媒体以及所有对各种人口统计数据和其他数据相互关联感兴趣的人都可以访问它。它正在实施中，因此用户不需要高水平的技术复杂性就能以地图和图表的形式将结果可视化，下载数据以作进一步分析，并将数据与社会科学中的具体问题联系起来。具体来说，以下内容将成为该项目的一部分：1)从1790年到2000年的县级人口普查数据和地图，这些数据和地图描绘了彻底的变化。2)地区一级的人口普查数据和地图，从1910年最大的城市开始，一直扩展到1990年，那时全国都可以获得这些数据和地图。3)来自人口普查街道和道路层的数据，这些数据是美国国家地图的一部分，用于定义人口普查区和其他人口普查地理。4)可用的图像和文本，可以在地理上定位并与潜在的人口统计相关。获奖摄影记者卡米洛·维加拉（Camilo Vergara）在过去30年里记录了大城市的各个地区，他所记录的图像说明了人口统计资料。人口统计数据反过来又为他的照片提供了背景信息。可视化显示和操作地图、数据、图像和文本的系统。这项工作借鉴了其他几个项目，包括国家历史地理信息系统（NHGIS），可视化和探索美国城乡社会变化，1790-2000——交互式多媒体和基于网络的工具（均由美国国家科学基金会资助），以及伟大的美国历史机器，以及纽约，洛杉矶，费城，印第安纳波利斯，芝加哥和其他地方的数字化工作。简而言之，数字图书馆为美国提供了人口、地理和社会网格。网格还可以容纳土地使用、交通、医疗保健等方面的其他材料的添加。提供了一些例子，特别是纽约和洛杉矶的主要大都市区。所有材料均以标准格式开发，并与动态绘图系统和交互式多媒体查看器集成，以提供用户友好的界面。在加州大学洛杉矶分校和纽约市立大学的公共服务器上，可以免费使用、下载、分享和改进这些材料。此外，它们也可用于其他数字存储库。明尼苏达州人口中心的NHGIS正在分发这些材料，这些材料最终将与NHGIS材料一起存档，保存在大学间政治和社会研究联盟中。

This collaborative project between CUNY and UCLA is a collection of web-based materials that will enable depiction and exploration of growth and social change in the United States since its beginnings. It is accessible to students from elementary through postgraduate school, library users, the media, and all others interested in relating a variety of demographic and other data to one another. It is being implemented so a high level of technical sophistication is not required of users to visualize the results in the form of maps and charts, to download the data for further analysis, and to relate the data to specific issues in the social sciences.Specifically the following elements will be part of the project:1) Census data and maps at the county level from 1790 through 2000, which depict the sweeping change. 2) Census data and maps at the tract level, beginning with the largest cities in 1910 and expanding until 1990, when they become available for the entire country.3) Data from the street and road layer of the Census, which are part of the national map of the United States and used to define Census tracts and other Census geography.4) Available images and text that can be geographically located and related to the underlying demography. The images recorded by the award winning photojournalist Camilo Vergara, who has documented areas of the large cities for the past 30 years, illustrate the demographic material. The demographics, in turn, provide contextual information for his photos.5) A system for visually displaying and manipulating the maps, data, images, and texts. This effort draws on several other projects, including, the National Historic Geographic Information System (NHGIS), Visualizing and Exploring United States Urban and Rural Social Change, 1790-2000 --Interactive Multimedia and Web Based Tools (both funded by NSF), and the Great American History Machine, as well digitization efforts in New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Indianapolis, Chicago and elsewhere.In short, the digital library serves as a demographic, geographic and social grid for the United States. The grid also can accommodate the addition of other materials on land use, transportation, health care, and the like. Examples are provided, especially for the major metropolitan areas of New York and Los Angeles. All materials are developed in standard formats and integrated with a dynamic mapping system and an interactive multimedia viewer to provide a user-friendly interface. Materials are freely available for interactive use, downloading, sharing and enhancement on publicly accessible servers at UCLA and CUNY. Also, they are being made available to other digital repositories. The NHGIS at the Minnesota Population Center is distributing the materials, which ultimately will be archived along with the NHGIS materials at the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.