ATOL: Assembling the Tree of Life: Phylogeny of Spiders

美国自然历史博物馆的Ward C.Wheeler博士、Jonathon A.Coddington博士、Gustavo HorMica博士、Lorenzo Prendini博士和Petra Sierewald美国自然历史博物馆的Ward Wheeler博士及其同事Lorenzo Prendini博士(AMNH)、Jonathan Coddington博士(国家自然历史博物馆，史密森学会)、Gustavo HorMica博士(乔治华盛顿大学)和Petra Sierwald博士(野外自然历史博物馆)获得了一项拨款，以研究蜘蛛的进化史和生物多样性。蜘蛛是地球上最古老和最多样化的陆地生物群体之一，其化石可以追溯到泥盆纪(约3.8亿年前)，目前描述的物种多样性超过37,500个，隶属于3,471个属和109个科。蜘蛛之所以脱颖而出，是因为它们作为昆虫的主要捕食者具有重要的生态意义。毫不夸张地说，如果没有蜘蛛，害虫数量将激增，人类将受到极大影响。此外，蜘蛛已经是生化(丝蛋白和毒液)、行为(特别是性行为和网络构建行为)和生态(觅食、捕食-被捕食系统、综合害虫管理)研究的模式生物。因此，了解它们的进化史是NSF组装生命树计划的关键组成部分。这个生命树提案的目的是通过结合大量新产生的比较基因组数据和大量关于形态和行为的新的和重新评估的数据，来生成蜘蛛内部所有最深的分支的强大的系统发生学。PI将使用高通量DNA测序来检查至少500个蜘蛛属及其近亲(鞭蝎及其盟友)的代表的至少50个“基因座”。将使用新的计算机软件分析由此产生的大数据矩阵带来的计算挑战，该软件主要由该小组成员设计，并使用大规模并行处理来实现超级计算能力。纳入研究的这些生物将有目的地包括所有以前最受欢迎的研究生物，包括行为学家、生态学家、生理学家以及发育和分子生物学家，从而整合他们的研究并将其纳入背景。

AbstractAssembling the Tree of Life: Phylogeny of SpidersWard C. Wheeler, Jonathon A. Coddington, Gustavo Hormiga, Lorenzo Prendini, and Petra SierewaldAmerican Museum of natural HistoryA grant has been awarded to Dr. Ward Wheeler of the American Museum of Natural History and his colleagues Dr. Lorenzo Prendini (AMNH), Dr. Jonathan Coddington (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution), Dr. Gustavo Hormiga (George Washington University) and Dr. Petra Sierwald (Field Museum of Natural History) to examine the evolutionary history and biodiversity of spiders. Spiders are among the oldest and most diverse groups of terrestrial organisms on our planet, with fossils dating back to the Devonian (c. 380 million years ago) and a current diversity of over 37,500 described species placed in 3,471 genera and 109 families. Spiders stand out because of their ecological importance as the dominant predators of insects. It is no exaggeration to say that without spiders, insect pest populations would soar and humans would be greatly affected. Furthermore, spiders are already model organisms in biochemical (silk proteins and venom), behavioral (especially sexual and web-building behaviors) and ecological (foraging, predator-prey systems, integrated pest management) research. Accordingly, understanding their evolutionary history is a critical component in the NSF's Assembling the Tree of Life program. The aim of this Tree of Life proposal to produce a robust phylogeny of all the deepest branches within the spiders, by combining a massive amount of newly generated comparative genomic data with a substantial set of new and re-assessed data on morphology and behavior. The PIs will use high-throughput DNA sequencing to examine at least 50 "loci" for representatives of at least 500 genera of spiders and their closest relatives (the whipscorpions and allies). The computational challenges posed by the resulting large data matrices will be analyzed using new computer software, designed in large part by members of the group and using massively parallel processing to achieve supercomputing capability. These organisms included in the study will purposefully include all the previously most-favored study organisms of ethologists, ecologists, physiologists, and developmental and molecular biologists, thus integrating and contextualizing their research.