Tidal Effects on the Lead Fraction and the associated Ocean-Atmosphere Heat Flux in the Weddell and Ross Seas

该项目将研究威德尔海和罗斯海潮汐的特点和影响，利用三维自由表面海冰/海洋耦合模式研究潮汐的正压和斜压分量及其对海冰结构的影响。 南极海冰和潮汐是影响南半球高纬度地区海气热通量、深水形成、动力学和混合的重要因素。 目前，风驱动的冰-海耦合模式一般不包括潮汐过程及其影响，南极海的潮汐模式也忽略了海冰。 在这项研究中，地形以下的坐标模型，修改，包括冰架，结合颗粒流变海冰模型，并将用于产生45天的情况下，每个季节，气候强迫的基础上。模拟将在没有和有潮汐强迫的情况下进行，以量化与每个季节相关的不同海冰、混合层和风力条件下的潮汐效应。欧洲中期天气预报中心将提供气候季节性大气条件，以及强迫的实际日变率。 调查将包括潮汐对以下方面的影响：1）开放水域的形成，2）海洋-大气热通量，3）平均海洋环流，4）由于盐水排斥而形成的陆架水，5）由于剪切不稳定而形成的中层水柱混合，以及6）底栖混合。 南极底层水和冰架水的生产将根据模型结果确定。

This project will examine the characteristics and effects of tides in the Weddell and Ross Seas, using a three-dimensional free surface coupled sea ice/ocean model to study the barotropic and baroclinic components of the tide and their effects on the structure of sea ice. Antarctic sea ice and tides are important factors affecting the air-sea heat flux, deep water formation, dynamics, and mixing in high southern latitudes. At the present time, tidal processes and their effects have generally not been included in wind-driven coupled ice-ocean models and sea ice has been ignored in the tidal models of the Antarctic Seas. In this study a terrain-following coordinate model, modified to include the ice shelves, is combined with a granular rheology sea ice model and will be used to generate 45-day scenarios, one for each season, based on climatological forcing. Simulations will be made both without and with tidal forcing in order to quantify the tidal effects during the different sea ice, mixed layer, and wind conditions associated with each season. Climatological seasonal atmospheric conditions with realistic daily variability for the forcing will be provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. The investigation will include tidal effects on 1) formation of open water, 2) the ocean-atmosphere heat flux, 3) the mean ocean circulation, 4) shelf water formation due to brine rejection, 5) mid-water column mixing due to shear instabilities, and 6) benthic mixing. Both Antarctic Bottom Water and Ice Shelf Water production will be determined from the model results.