Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Culture Change in the 18th Century Maya Missions of Peten, Guatemala

博士论文改进补助金：危地马拉佩滕 18 世纪玛雅传教团的文化变迁

• 批准号: 0235464
• 负责人: David Webster
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-01-15 至 2003-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0235464&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Culture

Under the direction of Dr. David Webster, MA Matthew Rockmore will obtain data for his doctoral dissertation. He will undertake archaeological excavations at the dual sites of San Jeronimo, located 2 kilometers apart on the shores of Lake Peten-Itza in northern Guatemala. The sites constitute a small mission settlement from the colonial period, initially occupied in 1703 AD, resettled around 1734 and abandoned near the end of the 18th century. The colonial period has been understudied in lowland Guatemala and this represents the first attempt at mission archaeology in the region. These sites are particularly significant because the resettlement allows for chronological control of the rate and pattern of social changes in the colonial setting. Where prior studies of Maya missions in Mexico and Belize have focused on religious conversion and an earlier time period (the 16th century), this research attempts to examine the effects of conquest and incorporation into the colonial system on the household practices of the Maya. The excavation of households and their surrounding environs in a temporally controlled setting will allow the identification of changes in the economic structure of the region, as well as changes in settlement plan, demographic trends, religious practice, and socio-political organization.The combination of archaeological and ethnohistoric data is particularly informative with regards to changes in economic systems, ranging from alterations in patterns of long-distance exchange to the adoption of Old World domesticates. One goal is to assess the rate at which changes occur in the settlement. The area was considered marginal by the Spanish, and was at the fringes of the Spanish supply system. The lack of direct oversight and limited availability of imported goods probably slowed changes of all sorts and provided the Maya greater latitude in negotiating the institution of changes. Material changes in economic systems at the household level are likely to be the most obvious and easiest to interpret, but will be accompanied by data concerning the correlates of religious and political changes. Evidence at the level of individual households can also be used to cautiously assess changes at higher levels of social organization.The observed patterns will be used to assess the explanatory power of several theoretical models of culture change in colonial settings. Existing models of indigenous resistance to colonial domination will be contrasted with practice-based models suggesting less intentional modes of change. Culture change in colonial settings is typically highly complex, with changes negotiated between factions (including ones within larger indigenous and colonial groups), albeit across a distinct power differential.This research is enabled by earlier studies of the preceding Late Postclassic period and is informed by several existing ethnohistoric studies of the area and through archaeological work at similar sites in Mexico and Belize. This research is important in part because it fills a gap in our archaeological knowledge of the region, but the primary significance is the exploration of how culture change is instituted within colonial contexts and how it developed over the space of a century.

在大卫韦伯斯特博士的指导下，马修·洛克莫尔硕士将为他的博士论文获取数据。 他将在危地马拉北方佩滕伊察湖畔相距2公里的圣杰罗尼莫的两个遗址进行考古发掘。 这些遗址构成了殖民时期的一个小型使命定居点，最初于公元1703年被占领，1734年左右重新定居，并在世纪末被遗弃。 殖民时期在低地危地马拉一直研究不足，这是该地区首次尝试使命考古学。 这些地点特别重要，因为重新安置允许按时间顺序控制殖民地环境中社会变化的速度和模式。 在墨西哥和伯利兹的玛雅任务的先前研究集中在宗教转换和更早的时间段（世纪），本研究试图研究征服和纳入殖民制度对玛雅人的家庭习俗的影响。 在时间控制的环境中对家庭及其周围环境的挖掘将有助于确定该地区经济结构的变化，以及定居计划、人口趋势、宗教习俗和社会政治组织的变化。考古和民族历史数据的结合特别有助于了解经济制度的变化，从远距离交换模式的改变到旧大陆驯化动物的采用。 一个目标是评估结算发生变化的速度。 该地区被西班牙人视为边缘地区，处于西班牙供应系统的边缘。 缺乏直接监督和进口商品的有限供应可能减缓了各种变化，并为玛雅人提供了更大的自由来谈判变革制度。 家庭层面经济体系的实质性变化可能是最明显和最容易解释的，但也会伴随着与宗教和政治变化相关的数据。 个体家庭层面的证据也可以用来谨慎地评估更高层次的社会组织的变化，观察到的模式将被用来评估殖民地环境中文化变化的几个理论模型的解释力。 现有的土著抵抗殖民统治的模式将与基于实践的模式进行对比，这些模式表明了不那么有意的变化模式。 在殖民地环境中的文化变化通常是非常复杂的，与派系之间的变化（包括较大的土著和殖民群体内的），虽然跨越了明显的权力differentiation.This研究是由以前的后期后古典时期的早期研究，并通过该地区的几个现有的民族历史研究，并通过在墨西哥和伯利兹类似的网站考古工作。这项研究很重要，部分原因是它填补了我们对该地区考古知识的空白，但主要意义是探索文化变迁是如何在殖民背景下建立的，以及它是如何在世纪的空间中发展的。