Microbial Observatories: The Galapagos Microbial Observatory: Analysis of Novel Archaeal and Bacterial Diversity Associated with Iguanas Across Environmental Gradients

微生物观测站：加拉帕戈斯微生物观测站：跨环境梯度与鬣蜥相关的新古菌和细菌多样性分析

• 批准号: 0238422
• 负责人: Roderick Mackie
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-01 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0238422&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Microbial; Observatories; Galapagos; Observatory; Analysis

A grant funded by the Microbial Observatories program and the NSF Office of International Science and Engineering has been awarded to Drs R. Mackie, and I. Cann of the University of Illinois, and M. Wikelski of Princeton University to identify and characterize novel archaeal and bacterial diversity and dynamics in the intestinal tract of unique herbivorous iguanas using a combination of classical cultivation and modern molecular methods. The Galapagos archipelago harbors two endemic genera of large herbivorous lizards, the marine (Amblyrhynchus) and land (Conolophus) iguanas. These islands are situated over a volcanic hotspot 1000 km west of Ecuador and have never been in contact with any continental landmass. The Galapagos Islands were declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1984. They will utilize an array of classical cultivation based techniques for enrichment, isolation and characterization of uncultured and undescribed anaerobic bacteria and archaea. To assess molecular diversity and phylogeny, they will utilize a culture independent approach based on retrieval of genomic DNA directly from the iguana intestinal samples. DNA fingerprinting technique (PCR-DGGE) as well as clone libraries encoding16S rDNA and large genomic fragments from mixed microbial community DNA such that each cloned fragment contains a phylogenetically-informative end (SuperPhylo-BAC) libraries will be used for this purpose. Samples will be collected in the cool-dry season (September) and the hot-wet season (February) for this two-year "proof of diversity " award.The long-term objective is to link phylogenetic and functional microbial diversity in iguanas with the environmental and ecological gradients that exist within this natural laboratory of evolutionary biology. The results are expected to reveal novel biochemical and genetic capacity of the bacteria and archaea accessed by the culture-dependent and independent approaches. This award will provide a molecular and culture database for future screening of novel genes and potentially useful products. The project will foster collaboration with the Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador and Charles Darwin Research Station through training of US and Ecuadorian undergraduate and graduate students, and contribute significantly to the long-term conservation of the Galapagos world heritage site.

由微生物观测站计划和NSF国际科学与工程办公室资助的一笔赠款已授予R。麦基和我Cann和M. Wikelski的普林斯顿大学，以确定和表征新的古菌和细菌的多样性和动力学的独特的食草鬣蜥肠道使用经典的培养和现代分子方法相结合。加拉帕戈斯群岛栖息着两种特有的大型食草蜥蜴，海洋鬣蜥（Amblyrhynchus）和陆地鬣蜥（Conolophus）。这些岛屿位于厄瓜多尔以西1000公里的火山热点上，从未与任何大陆接触。1984年，加拉帕戈斯群岛被宣布为联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区。他们将利用一系列经典的基于培养的技术来富集、分离和表征未培养和未描述的厌氧菌和古菌。为了评估分子多样性和遗传学，他们将利用一种基于直接从鬣蜥肠道样本中检索基因组DNA的独立培养方法。DNA指纹技术（PCR-DGGE）以及编码16 S rDNA的克隆文库和来自混合微生物群落DNA的大基因组片段，使得每个克隆片段包含一个遗传信息末端（SuperPhylo-BAC）文库将用于此目的。这个为期两年的“多样性证明“奖将在凉爽干燥的季节（9月）和炎热潮湿的季节（2月）收集样本。长期目标是将鬣蜥中的系统发育和功能性微生物多样性与这个进化生物学的天然实验室中存在的环境和生态梯度联系起来。这些结果有望揭示细菌和古菌通过培养依赖和独立方法获得的新的生化和遗传能力。该奖项将为未来筛选新基因和潜在有用产品提供分子和文化数据库。该项目将通过培训美国和厄瓜多尔的本科生和研究生，促进与厄瓜多尔基多圣弗朗西斯科大学和查尔斯达尔文研究站的合作，并为长期保护加拉帕戈斯世界遗产作出重大贡献。