CAREER: Passive Site Remediation for Mitigation of Liquefaction Risk - From Concept to Technology

“被动场地补救减轻液化风险--从概念到技术”这一职业奖项的总体目标是展示使用被动补救来减轻关键设施和生命线上的土壤液化风险的新概念的实际可行性；同时纳入教育和外展活动，以提高公众，特别是女学生对工程挑战的认识，特别是提高女学生对工程挑战的认识，并激发学生解决复杂工程问题的兴奋感和创造力。被动场地补救与地下水过程密切相关，包括通过地下水输送稳定剂(与污染物输送相反)。这个想法是在场地的上坡边缘缓慢注入稳定剂，并利用地下水将稳定剂输送到可液化的区域。1995年神户地震中，特别是神户港发生了大面积的土壤液化。据估计，修复成本超过110亿美元，港口作业基本上暂停了几个月。特别值得关注的是传统地基改良方法难以或不可能实施的已开发场地。该项目的目的是通过开展实验室和中试规模的实验、开发实施技术来证明被动场地补救的实际可行性；调查验证工具以评估所取得的改进；修改用于胶凝液的数值模拟代码；以及在成功完成后，编制一份实际应用的设计手册。目前正在通过塔式试验和中试试验研究其实际可行性。通过柱状实验确定了可采用被动场地修复的最佳地球化学和物理条件。将在德雷克塞尔大学建造一个跨学科的中试规模研究设施，对被动场地补救技术进行三维建模。它将被用来开发提供稳定剂的最佳方法，并评估用于评估所取得的改进的核查工具。污染物传输代码RT3D将进行修改，以考虑可变密度、可变粘度的胶凝液，并随后用于数值模拟。代码将使用柱和中试实验的数据进行校准，并用于进行预测建模，最终用于开发设计和分析程序。推广和教育的最终目标是在几个群体中促进创造力和激发想象力：本科工程学学生，女工程师协会(SWE)的德雷克塞尔学生分会，以及来自费城地区的小学女孩。被动场地修复技术可以广泛应用于易受土壤液化和许多环境修复问题的已开发场地。

"Passive Site Remediation for Mitigation of Liquefaction Risk - From Concept to Technology"The overall objective of this CAREER award is to demonstrate the practical feasibility of a new concept using passive remediation to mitigate the risk of soil liquefaction at critical facilities and lifelines; and concurrently to incorporate education and outreach activities that will increase public awareness, and especially that of female students of the challenges of engineering in general, and geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering in particular, and to engage the students' excitement and creativity in solving complex engineering problems.Passive site remediation is integrally related to groundwater processes, including transport of stabilizers through the groundwater (the inverse of contaminant transport). The idea is to slowly inject a stabilizing material at the up-gradient edge of a site and deliver the stabilizer to the liquefiable area using the groundwater flow. Extensive soil liquefaction occurred in the 1995 Kobe earthquake, especially at the Kobe Port. The cost of repair has been estimated to be more than $11 billion, and the port operations were essentially halted for months. Of particular concern are developed sites where traditional ground improvement methods are difficult or impossible to implement.The aim of the project is to demonstrate the practical viability of passive site remediation by conducting laboratory and pilot-scale experiments; developing implementation technology for its deployment; investigating verification tools to assess the improvement achieved; modifying a numerical modeling code for use with gelling fluids; and upon successful completion, producing a design manual for practical application. The practical feasibility is being investigated using column and pilot-scale experiments. The column experiments are done to determine the optimal geochemical and physical conditions where passive site remediation could be employed. A cross-disciplinary pilot-scale research facility will be constructed at Drexel University for 3-dimensional modeling of passive site remediation techniques. It will be used to develop optimal methods for stabilizer delivery, and evaluate verification tools for assessing the improvement achieved. The contaminant transport code RT3D will be modified to account for variable-density, variable-viscosity gelling fluids, and subsequently used for numerical modeling. The code will be calibrated using the data from the column and pilot-scale experiments, and used to conduct predictive modeling, and eventually be used to develop design and analysis procedures. The ultimate goal of the outreach and education is to promote creativity and inspire imagination among several groups: undergraduate engineering students, the Drexel student chapter of the Society of Women Engineers (SWE), and elementary school girls from the Philadelphia area.Passive site remediation techniques could have broad application for developed sites susceptible to soil liquefaction, and to many environmental remediation problems.