CAREER: Passive Site Remediation for Mitigation of Liquefaction Risk - From Concept to Technology

“缓解液化风险的被动场地修复-从概念到技术”职业生涯奖的总体目标是展示利用被动修复来减轻关键设施和生命线土壤液化风险的新概念的实际可行性；同时结合教育和推广活动，提高公众，特别是女学生对工程挑战的认识，特别是岩土工程和地球环境工程，并在解决复杂工程问题时调动学生的兴奋和创造力。被动场地修复与地下水过程整体相关，包括稳定剂通过地下水的输送（与污染物输送相反）。这个想法是在一个站点的上梯度边缘缓慢注入稳定物质，并利用地下水流将稳定剂输送到可液化区域。1995年神户地震发生了大面积的土壤液化，特别是在神户港口。据估计，修复费用超过110亿美元，港口的运营基本上停止了数月。特别值得关注的是那些传统的地面改善方法难以或不可能实施的已开发地点。该项目的目的是通过进行实验室和试点规模的实验，证明被动土地修复的实际可行性；为其部署开发实施技术；调查验证工具以评估已实现的改进；修改用于胶凝流体的数值模拟代码；并在成功完成后，制作实际应用的设计手册。通过柱式实验和中试实验，探讨了该方法的实际可行性。通过柱实验确定了被动场地修复的最佳地球化学和物理条件。将在德雷塞尔大学建立一个跨学科的中试规模研究设施，用于被动场地修复技术的三维建模。它将用于开发稳定剂交付的最佳方法，并评估用于评估所取得的改进的验证工具。污染物传输代码RT3D将被修改，以考虑变密度，变粘度胶凝流体，并随后用于数值模拟。该代码将使用柱状和中试规模实验的数据进行校准，并用于进行预测建模，最终用于开发设计和分析程序。推广和教育的最终目标是在几个群体中促进创造力和激发想象力：本科工程学生，女工程师协会（SWE）的德雷塞尔学生分会，以及来自费城地区的小学女生。被动场地修复技术在发达的易发生土壤液化的场地和许多环境修复问题中具有广泛的应用前景。

"Passive Site Remediation for Mitigation of Liquefaction Risk - From Concept to Technology"The overall objective of this CAREER award is to demonstrate the practical feasibility of a new concept using passive remediation to mitigate the risk of soil liquefaction at critical facilities and lifelines; and concurrently to incorporate education and outreach activities that will increase public awareness, and especially that of female students of the challenges of engineering in general, and geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering in particular, and to engage the students' excitement and creativity in solving complex engineering problems.Passive site remediation is integrally related to groundwater processes, including transport of stabilizers through the groundwater (the inverse of contaminant transport). The idea is to slowly inject a stabilizing material at the up-gradient edge of a site and deliver the stabilizer to the liquefiable area using the groundwater flow. Extensive soil liquefaction occurred in the 1995 Kobe earthquake, especially at the Kobe Port. The cost of repair has been estimated to be more than $11 billion, and the port operations were essentially halted for months. Of particular concern are developed sites where traditional ground improvement methods are difficult or impossible to implement.The aim of the project is to demonstrate the practical viability of passive site remediation by conducting laboratory and pilot-scale experiments; developing implementation technology for its deployment; investigating verification tools to assess the improvement achieved; modifying a numerical modeling code for use with gelling fluids; and upon successful completion, producing a design manual for practical application. The practical feasibility is being investigated using column and pilot-scale experiments. The column experiments are done to determine the optimal geochemical and physical conditions where passive site remediation could be employed. A cross-disciplinary pilot-scale research facility will be constructed at Drexel University for 3-dimensional modeling of passive site remediation techniques. It will be used to develop optimal methods for stabilizer delivery, and evaluate verification tools for assessing the improvement achieved. The contaminant transport code RT3D will be modified to account for variable-density, variable-viscosity gelling fluids, and subsequently used for numerical modeling. The code will be calibrated using the data from the column and pilot-scale experiments, and used to conduct predictive modeling, and eventually be used to develop design and analysis procedures. The ultimate goal of the outreach and education is to promote creativity and inspire imagination among several groups: undergraduate engineering students, the Drexel student chapter of the Society of Women Engineers (SWE), and elementary school girls from the Philadelphia area.Passive site remediation techniques could have broad application for developed sites susceptible to soil liquefaction, and to many environmental remediation problems.