Circulation of North Atlantic Deep Water

0241007 Read这个项目将研究位于中层水之下的不同层的循环。这将来自对大西洋、太平洋和印度洋自上而下环流的单独研究的结果(里德，1994,1997，并在出版中)。关于三洋倾覆流线，已经做了一些初步工作。这些更深的层包括北大西洋北部形成的温暖、咸水、富氧和营养不良的水域，以及南极洲周围和挪威-格陵兰海形成的盐度较低和较冷的水域。其中最浅的一层是北大西洋深水。整个大西洋，沿着南极绕极洋流，向北延伸到印度洋和太平洋，都能辨认出这一非常盐碱层。这项工作将通过检查沿等轴面和垂直剖面的盐度、氧气和二氧化硅的模式来完成。这项工作应该对水、热、盐和营养物质的垂直交换和三大洋之间的交换的研究产生广泛的影响。它可以为研究各种气候研究提供一个背景。研究海洋环流的问题之一是，有可能建立平衡热量输送和质量但没有实际流动模式的模型，而基于地转切变和示踪剂的结果(里德在三大洋的工作)可能具有平衡的总输送和实际流动模式，但不平衡层内的热量输送或循环。

0241007 ReidThis project will study the circulation of the various layers lying beneath the Intermediate water. This will follow from the results of the separate studies of the top-to-bottom circulation of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans (Reid, 1994, 1997, and in press). Some preliminary work has been done on the overturning streamlines in the three oceans . These deeper layers include the warm, saline, oxygen-rich and nutrient-poor waters formed in the northern North Atlantic and the less-saline and colder waters formed around Antarctica and in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. The shallowest of these layers is the North Atlantic Deep Water. This very saline layer can be recognized throughout the Atlantic Ocean, along the Antarctic circumpolar current, and extending northward into the Indian and Pacific oceans. The work will be done by examining the patterns of salinity, oxygen, and silica along isopycnal surfaces and on vertical sections. The work should have a broad impact on studies of exchanges of water, heat, salt, and nutrients both vertically and among the three oceans. It may provide a background against which the various climate studies can be examined. One of the problems in studying ocean circulation is that it is possible to achieve models that balance heat transport and mass but do not have realistic flow patterns, and that results based upon geostrophic shear and tracers (Reid's work in the three oceans) may have balanced total transport and realistic flow patterns but do not balance heat transport or circulation within layers.