Circulation of North Atlantic Deep Water

0241007里德本项目将研究中层水下面各层的循环。 这将根据对大西洋、太平洋和印度洋的自上而下环流的单独研究结果得出（Reid，1994年、1997年和出版中）。 对三大洋的翻转流线进行了初步的研究。这些较深层包括在北大西洋北方形成的温暖、含盐、富氧和营养贫乏的沃茨，以及在南极洲周围和挪威-格陵兰海形成的含盐较少和较冷的沃茨。 这些层中最浅的是北大西洋深水。 这一盐水层在整个大西洋、沿着南极绕极流、向北延伸到印度洋和太平洋都可以看到。这项工作将通过研究盐度，氧气和硅沿着等密度面和垂直剖面的模式来完成。这项工作将对水、热、盐和营养物质垂直交换和三大洋之间交换的研究产生广泛影响。 它可以为审查各种气候研究提供一个背景。 研究海洋环流的问题之一是，有可能实现平衡热传输和质量的模型，但没有现实的流动模式，并且基于地转切变和示踪剂的结果（里德在三大洋的工作）可能平衡了总的传输和现实的流动模式，但不平衡层内的热传输或环流。

0241007 ReidThis project will study the circulation of the various layers lying beneath the Intermediate water. This will follow from the results of the separate studies of the top-to-bottom circulation of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans (Reid, 1994, 1997, and in press). Some preliminary work has been done on the overturning streamlines in the three oceans . These deeper layers include the warm, saline, oxygen-rich and nutrient-poor waters formed in the northern North Atlantic and the less-saline and colder waters formed around Antarctica and in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea. The shallowest of these layers is the North Atlantic Deep Water. This very saline layer can be recognized throughout the Atlantic Ocean, along the Antarctic circumpolar current, and extending northward into the Indian and Pacific oceans. The work will be done by examining the patterns of salinity, oxygen, and silica along isopycnal surfaces and on vertical sections. The work should have a broad impact on studies of exchanges of water, heat, salt, and nutrients both vertically and among the three oceans. It may provide a background against which the various climate studies can be examined. One of the problems in studying ocean circulation is that it is possible to achieve models that balance heat transport and mass but do not have realistic flow patterns, and that results based upon geostrophic shear and tracers (Reid's work in the three oceans) may have balanced total transport and realistic flow patterns but do not balance heat transport or circulation within layers.